Trial reportPLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
A 5-Year intervention study on elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: Parasitological results of annual cross-sectional surveys.
Trial report in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Core components, concepts and strategies for parasitic and vector-borne disease elimination with a focus on schistosomiasis: A landscape analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Potential drivers for schistosomiasis persistence: Population genetic analyses from a cluster-randomized urogenital schistosomiasis elimination trial across the Zanzibar islands.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Trial
- Performance of a real-time PCR approach for diagnosing Schistosoma haematobium infections of different intensity in urine samples from Zanzibar.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2020Trial
- SCORE Operational Research on Moving toward Interruption of Schistosomiasis Transmission.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Evaluation of integrated interventions layered on mass drug administration for urogenital schistosomiasis elimination: a cluster-randomised trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2019Trial
- Evaluation of six different tests for Schistosoma haematobium diagnosis in a near-elimination setting: A prospective observational diagnostic accuracy study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Observational
- Evaluation of surveillance-response interventions for Schistosoma haematobium elimination on Pemba Island, Tanzania: A 4-year intervention study with repeated cross-sectional surveys.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Resistance evaluation and surveillance initiative for schistosomiasis treatment: study protocol for the RESIST project.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Adaptive integrated intervention approaches for schistosomiasis elimination in Pemba: A 4-year intervention study and focus on hotspots.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Schistosomiasis Interventions in Africa: Assessment and Systematic Review.Journal of parasitology research · 2025Review
- Impact of chemical snail control on intermediate host snail populations for urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Pemba, Tanzania: findings of a 3-year intervention study.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- One-year impact of behavioural interventions on schistosomiasis-related knowledge, attitude and practices of primary schoolchildren in Pemba, Tanzania.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- Test-treat-track-test-treat (5T) approach for Schistosoma haematobium elimination on Pemba Island, Tanzania.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Capacities and needs of health care facilities for schistosomiasis diagnosis and management in elimination settings.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Article
- Transmission and diversity of Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis and their freshwater intermediate snail hosts Bulinus globosus and B. nasutus in the Zanzibar Archipelago, United Republic of Tanzania.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Transmission potential of human schistosomes can be driven by resource competition among snail intermediate hosts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Chromosome-level genome of Schistosoma haematobium underpins genome-wide explorations of molecular variation.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- GPS-based fine-scale mapping surveys for schistosomiasis assessment: a practical introduction and documentation of field implementation.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Article
- Healthcare Workers' Low Knowledge of Female Genital Schistosomiasis and Proposed Interventions to Prevent, Control, and Manage the Disease in Zanzibar.International journal of public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission (ZEST) project aimed to eliminate urogenital schistosomiasis as a public health problem from Pemba and to interrupt Schistosoma haematobium transmission from Unguja in 5 years. METHODOLOGY: A repeated cross-sectional cluster-randomized trial was implemented from 2011/12 till 2017. On each island, 45 shehias were randomly assigned to receive one of three interventions: biannual mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel alone, or in combination with snail control or behavior change measures. In cross-sectional surveys, a single urine sample was collected from ~9,000 students aged 9- to 12-years and from ~4,500 adults aged 20- to 55-years annually, and from ~9,000 1st year students at baseline and the final survey. Each sample was examined for S. haematobium eggs by a single urine filtration. Prevalence and infection intensity were determined. Odds of infection were compared between the intervention arms. PRINCIPAL
findingsPrevalence was reduced from 6.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5%-7.6%) to 1.7% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.2%) in 9- to 12-year old students, from 3.9% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.0%) to 1.5% (95% CI: 1.0%-2.0%) in adults, and from 8.8% (95% CI: 6.5%-11.2%) to 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7%-3.5%) in 1st year students from 2011/12 to 2017. In 2017, heavy infection intensities occurred in 0.4% of 9- to 12-year old students, 0.1% of adults, and 0.8% of 1st year students. Considering 1st year students in 2017, 13/45 schools in Pemba and 4/45 schools in Unguja had heavy infection intensities >1%. There was no significant difference in prevalence between the intervention arms in any study group and year. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Urogenital schistosomiasis was eliminated as public health problem from most sites in Pemba and Unguja. Prevalence was significantly reduced, but transmission was not interrupted. Continued interventions that are adaptive and tailored to the micro-epidemiology of S. haematobium in Zanzibar are needed to sustain and advance the gains made by ZEST.
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