Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31058957›Full record

ReviewBiology of reproduction2019

A tale of two tracts: history, current advances, and future directions of research on sexual differentiation of reproductive tracts†.

Fei Zhao, Humphrey Hung-Chang Yao

Abstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biology of reproduction, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure disrupts uterine epithelial apical-basal polarity and partial EMT state.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Developmental disorders of the reproductive tract in C57BL/6N-XYThe Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Crucial roles of mesenchymalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. The past and future of "sex genes".Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V · 2023
    Article
  15. Epithelial and mesenchymal fate decisions in Wolffian duct development.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2023
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Lessons Learned from 17 Years of Multidisciplinary Care for Differences of Sex Development Patients at a Single Indonesian Center.Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Fei ZhaoReproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Humphrey Hung-Chang YaoReproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.

Funding

Impacts of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Reproductive Organ DevelopmentZIAES102965 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI YAO, HUMPHREY · 2011 to 2025
$32.8M
Unexpected roles of the male tract mesenchyme in female reproductive tract formationR00HD096051 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ZHAO, FEI · 2020 to 2022
$727k
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA ES102965NICHD NIH HHS K99 HD096051NICHD NIH HHS R00 HD096051
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alfred Jost's work in the 1940s laid the foundation of the current paradigm of sexual differentiation of reproductive tracts, which contends that testicular hormones drive the male patterning of reproductive tract system whereas the female phenotype arises by default. Once established, the sex-specific reproductive tracts undergo morphogenesis, giving rise to anatomically and functionally distinct tubular organs along the rostral-caudal axis. Impairment of sexual differentiation of reproductive tracts by genetic alteration and environmental exposure are the main causes of disorders of sex development, and infertility at adulthood. This review covers past and present work on sexual differentiation and morphogenesis of reproductive tracts, associated human disorders, and emerging technologies that have made impacts or could radically expand our knowledge in this field.

Indexed as

Biomedical ResearchAdultAnimalsFemaleGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenitaliaHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansInventionsMaleMorphogenesisReproductionSex DifferentiationUrogenital Systemandrogen receptorandrogensanti-Mullerian hormonechromatindevelopmental biologydevelopmental origins of health and diseasedifferentiationenvironmental contaminants and toxicantsepididymisepigeneticsfemale reproductive tractfetal developmentmale reproductive tractmechanisms of hormone actionMüllerian ductssex differentiationtestosteroneuterusvaginavas deferensWolffian duct

Identifiers

PMID31058957
PMCPMC6791057

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.