Observational studyNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020
Changes in Use Patterns Over 1 Year Among Smokers and Dual Users of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes.
Observational study in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT02527980 (E-Cigarettes), which is not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
E-Cigarettes: Dynamic Patterns of Use and Health Effects
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Health Effects of Real-World Dual Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes versus the Health Effects of Exclusive Smoking of Conventional Cigarettes: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- E-Cigarette Use and Adult Cigarette Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis.American journal of public health · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of Dual Use: Real Time Reductions in Combustible Cigarette Smoking During Co-Occurring Use of E-Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Using Text Messaging Ecological Momentary Assessment to Record Changes in e-Cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use: Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Targeted smoking cessation for dual users of combustible and electronic cigarettes: a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Public health · 2021Trial
- Effect of Pod e-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes on Carcinogen Exposure Among African American and Latinx Smokers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- Developing Tobacco Risk Communications for Young Adults Susceptible to Dual Use of Combustible Cigarettes and Nicotine Vapes: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Continuous associations of the brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives with transitions between cigarette and e-cigarette use.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Nicotine and tobacco transitions among US youth using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): Associations with frequency, nicotine dependence, and biomarkers of exposure.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Urinary Tobacco and Nicotine Exposure Biomarkers as Predictors of Transitions between Cigarette and e-Cigarette Use in the Exhale Longitudinal Cohort Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Observational
- Transitions and patterns in concurrent use of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes: An intensive longitudinal study of adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette use.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Theory-based strategies to enhance interventions for smoking: Relevance to a digital intervention.Behaviour research and therapy · 2025Review
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use and Nicotine Exposure Among Adults Who Use ENDS Alone or With Cigarettes: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study 2013-2019.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for the Clinician.Pulmonary therapy · 2025Review
- Validity of the E-cigarette Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives in Exclusive E-cigarette Users: Evidence From a Laboratory Self-Administration Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- A systematic review investigating the impact of dual use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes on smoking cessation.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Trends and Sociodemographic Differences in Tobacco/Nicotine Transitions Among U.S. Adolescents and Young Adults Using e-cigarettes, 2014-2023.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Article
- Initial assessment of a novel smoking cessation program integrating app-based behavioral therapy and an electronic cigarette: results of a pilot study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Modeling the Impact of Vaping: What We Need to Know and Which Methods to Use.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Cigarettes Elevates Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Mental Health Issues: Insights from a Korean Health Survey.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDual use of combustible and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is a growing use pattern; more than half of e-cigarette users are dual users. However, little is known regarding the course of dual use; for example, the likelihood of discontinuation of either combustible or e-cigarettes or both.
methodsAdult daily smokers and dual users (daily smokers who also vaped at least once per week) who did not intend to quit use of either product in the next 30 days participated in a longitudinal, observational study (N = 322, 51.2% women, 62.7% white, mean age = 42.27 [SD = 14.05]). At baseline, participants completed demographics and smoking and vaping history assessments. They also reported daily cigarette and e-cigarette use via timeline follow-back assessment and provided a breath sample for carbon monoxide assay at 4-month intervals for 1 year.
resultsOf those who completed the year 1 follow-up, 1.9% baseline smokers and 8.0% dual users achieved biochemically confirmed seven-day point-prevalence abstinence from combustible cigarettes (χ2 = 4.57, p = .03). Of initial dual users, by 1 year 43.9% were smoking only, 48.8% continued dual use, 5.9% were vaping only, and 1.4% abstained from both products. Among baseline smokers, 92.3% continued as exclusive smokers. Baseline dual users who continued e-cigarette use were more likely to be white and report higher baseline e-cigarette dependence.
conclusionsIn this community sample, the majority of dual users transitioned to exclusive smoking. A higher percentage of dual users quit smoking than smokers, but attrition and baseline differences between the groups compromise strong conclusions. Sustained e-cigarette use was related to baseline e-cigarette dependence. IMPLICATIONS: This research suggests that dual use of combustible and e-cigarettes is not a sustained pattern for the majority of dual users, but it is more likely to be a continued pattern if the user is more dependent on e-cigarettes. There was evidence that dual users were more likely to quit smoking than exclusive smokers, but this may be due to factors other than their dual use.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.