Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020
Anxiety Sensitivity and Distress Tolerance in Smokers: Relations With Tobacco Dependence, Withdrawal, and Quitting Success†.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01553084 (A Comparative Effectiveness & Long Term Health Study in Wisconsin Smokers), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Comparative Effectiveness & Long Term Health Study in Wisconsin Smokers
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Enhancing panic and smoking reduction treatment with D-Cycloserine: A pilot randomized clinical trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Transdiagnostic Risk Factors for Reasons for Smoking: Evaluating the Concurrent Role of Distress Tolerance and Anxiety Sensitivity.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Examining the Roles of Psychological Inflexibility and Distress Tolerance on Cigarette Dependence and Binge Drinking among Individuals who Co-use Cannabis for Therapeutic Purposes.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- Isolating the Unique Role of Transdiagnostic Risk Factors and Perceived Barriers for Smoking Cessation.Addiction research & theory · 2025Article
- Applying a behavioral economic approach to understanding smoking processes: The indirect effect of past quit experiences.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Flavokavains A- and B-Free Kava Enhances Resilience against the Adverse Health Effects of Tobacco Smoke in Mice.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Understanding the motivational mechanisms for smoking and vaping among dual users and exclusive smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Anxiety Sensitivity and Distress Tolerance in Relation to Smoking Abstinence Expectancies Among Black Individuals Who Smoke.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2024Article
- TOBACCO USE DISORDER AND DUAL DISORDERS Joint statement by the Spanish Psychiatry Society and the Spanish Dual Disorders Society.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2022Article
- Anxiety sensitivity, pain severity and co-use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among adults with chronic pain.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study examined relations of two affective vulnerabilities, high anxiety sensitivity (AS) and low distress tolerance (DT), with tobacco dependence, withdrawal, smoking cessation, and pharmacotherapy response.
methodsSmokers interested in quitting (N = 1067; 52.2% female, 28.1% African American) were randomized to 12 weeks of nicotine patch, nicotine patch plus nicotine lozenge, or varenicline. Baseline questionnaires assessed AS, DT, negative affect, anxiety, and dependence. Withdrawal was assessed the first-week post-quit via ecological momentary assessment.
resultsDT, but not AS, predicted biochemically confirmed point-prevalence abstinence at multiple endpoints: weeks 4, 12, 26, and 52 post-quit (ps < .05); relations remained after controlling for pharmacotherapy treatment, AS, baseline negative affect, anxiety, and anxiety disorder history (ps < .05). Additional exploratory analyses examining week 4 abstinence showed DT predicted abstinence (p = .004) even after controlling for baseline dependence, post-quit withdrawal (craving and negative affect), and treatment. DT moderated treatment effects on abstinence in exploratory analyses (interaction p = .025); those with high DT were especially likely to be abstinent at week 4 with patch plus lozenge versus patch alone.
conclusionsDT, but not AS, predicted abstinence over 1 year post-quit (higher DT was associated with higher quit rates), with little overlap with other affective measures. DT also predicted early abstinence independent of dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Results suggest low DT may play a meaningful role in motivation to use tobacco and constitute an additional affective risk factor for tobacco cessation failure beyond negative affect or clinical affective disorders. IMPLICATIONS: People in a stop-smoking study who reported a greater ability to tolerate distress were more likely to quit smoking and remain smoke-free 1 year later. Smokers with high DT were more likely to be smoke-free 4 weeks after their target quit day if they received nicotine patch plus nicotine lozenge rather than nicotine patch alone.
trial registrationNCT01553084.
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