ReviewReproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)2020
Heightened susceptibility: A review of how pregnancy and chemical exposures influence maternal health.
Review in Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Oil and Gas Development and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Qualitative and Quantitative Bias Analysis of the Epidemiologic Literature.Current environmental health reports · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal exposure to specific endocrine-disrupting chemicals and gestational diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Environmental health influences in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- A global perspective of correlation between maternal blood lead levels and risks of preeclampsia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Climate factors and gestational diabetes mellitus risk - a systematic review.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Pooled it
- Current approaches and developments in transcript profiling of the human placenta.Human reproduction update · 2020Pooled it
- The Impact of Climate Change on Pregnant Women's Health: A Scoping Review of Reviews.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Review
- Associations of urinary phthalate metabolite and replacement chemical concentrations with gestational blood pressure.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Associations of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and childhood vaccine-induced immunity.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Longitudinal patterns of urinary biomarkers of placental and renal function in pregnancy and associations with early pregnancy exposure to phthalates and replacements.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Placental toxicity of alternative plasticizers: Current knowledge and future directions.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and neurodevelopmental delay in early childhood (1 to 3 years): An Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) study.Environment international · 2026Article
- Combined prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and maternal distress is associated with childhood irritability.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to agricultural pesticide applications and gestational diabetes mellitus in the Az-PEARS population-based study (2014-2020).Environment international · 2026Article
- Maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and the co-occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia/eclampsia: a nested case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- In Silico Identification of Molecular Interactions of the Emerging Contaminant Octyl Methoxycinnamate (OMC) on HPT Axis: Implications for Humans and Zebrafish.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gestational PFAS concentrations in association with maternal depression and perceived stress during pregnancy and postpartum in the ECHO cohort.Environmental research · 2025Article
- FIGO committee opinion: Environmental drivers of obstetric health and early childhood development.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- FIGO committee opinion: Environmental drivers of gynecologic and reproductive health.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique period when biological changes can increase sensitivity to chemical exposures. Pregnant women are exposed to multiple environmental chemicals via air, food, water, and consumer products, including flame retardants, plasticizers, and pesticides. Lead exposure increases risk of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, although women's health risks are poorly characterized for most chemicals. Research on prenatal exposures has focused on fetal outcomes and less on maternal outcomes. We reviewed epidemiologic literature on chemical exposures during pregnancy and three maternal outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and breast cancer. We found that pregnancy can heighten susceptibility to environmental chemicals and women's health risks, although variations in study design and exposure assessment limited study comparability. Future research should include pregnancy as a critical period for women's health. Incorporating biomarkers of exposure and effect, deliberate timing and method of measurement, and consistent adjustment of potential confounders would strengthen research on the exposome and women's health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.