ArticleInternational journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance2019
Macrocyclic lactone anthelmintic-induced leukocyte binding to Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae: Influence of the drug resistance status of the parasite.
Article in International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current issues in heartworm chemotherapy.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Development of Dirofilaria immitis adult worms in NSG mice, detection of parasite-derived microRNA and comparative analysis of laboratory isolates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Genetics of helminth infections: Immune system response, insights into host-parasite interaction, and drug resistance.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- Strain-level variations of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in two biochemical assays.PloS one · 2024Article
- A review of moxidectin vs. other macrocyclic lactones for prevention of heartworm disease in dogs with an appraisal of two commercial formulations.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- A rodent model for Dirofilaria immitis, canine heartworm: parasite growth, development, and drug sensitivity in NSG mice.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the in vitro susceptibility of various filarial nematodes to emodepside.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2021Article
- High-content approaches to anthelmintic drug screening.Trends in parasitology · 2021Review
- Heartworm disease - Overview, intervention, and industry perspective.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2021Review
- Drug Resistance in Filarial Parasites Does Not Affect Mosquito Vectorial Capacity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Ivermectin inhibits extracellular vesicle secretion from parasitic nematodes.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2020Article
- Comparative sequences of the Wolbachia genomes of drug-sensitive and resistant isolates of Dirofilaria immitis.Veterinary parasitology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics are the only class of drug currently used to prevent heartworm disease. Their extremely high potency in vivo is not mirrored by their activity against Dirofilaria immitis larvae in vitro, leading to suggestions that they may require host immune functions to kill the parasites. We have previously shown that ivermectin stimulates the binding of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to D. immitis microfilariae (Mf). We have now extended these studies to moxidectin and examined the ability of both drugs to stimulate canine PBMC and PMN attachment to Mf from multiple strains of D. immitis, including two that are proven to be resistant to ivermectin in vivo. Both ivermectin and moxidectin significantly increased the percentage of drug-susceptible parasites with cells attached at very low concentrations (<10 nM), but much higher concentrations of ivermectin (>100 nM) were required to increase the percentage of the two resistant strains, Yazoo-2013 and Metairie-2014, with cells attached. Moxidectin increased the percentage of the two resistant strains with cells attached at lower concentrations (<10 nM) than did ivermectin. The attachment of the PBMCs and PMNs did not result in any parasite killing in vitro. These data support the biological relevance of the drug-stimulated attachment of canine leukocytes to D. immitis Mf and suggest that this phenomenon is related to the drug resistance status of the parasites.
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Registered trials
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