ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2019
Metabolically activated adipose tissue macrophages link obesity to triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mammary adipocyte plasticity and epithelial crosstalk: roles in development, remodeling, and disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Obesity-related Metabolic Dysfunction and Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Epidemiologic Signals, Mechanistic Pathways, and Opportunities for Prevention.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Pathophysiological roles of monocytes and macrophages in cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor-derived stearic acid induces macrophage Egr2 signaling to suppress anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spatial organization of the TNBC tumor microenvironment: multicellular niches, T-cell bottlenecks, and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Association of stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and body mass index with prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- ITGB1 Regulates Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Development by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Understanding obesity-cancer crosstalk to inform the immunomodulatory roles of anti-obesity nanotherapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Obesity, chronic breast inflammation and carcinogenesis: Molecular pathways and clinical implications (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Obesity-induced metabolic reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment: mechanisms, spatial niches, and immunotherapy response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunoengineering strategies using nanoparticles for obesity treatment.Nano research · 2025Article
- Macrophages in obesity-related breast cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Review
- Exploring the biological mechanisms of obesity affecting breast cancer from a multidimensional perspective.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- TMB as a predictive biomarker for ICI response in TNBC: current evidence and future directions for augmented anti-tumor responses.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Murine Models of Obesity-Related Cancer Risk.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Review
- Obesity, white adipose tissue and cancer.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Linking macrophage metabolism to function in the tumor microenvironment.Nature cancer · 2025Review
- Glutamine metabolism remodels tumor-associated macrophage: mechanistic explorations and new strategies in translational medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Specific microbiome patterns and their association with breast cancer: the intestinal microbiota as a potential biomarker and therapeutic strategy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- The signaling pathways in obesity-related complications.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2024Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased incidence and severity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, mechanisms underlying this relationship are incompletely understood. Here, we show that obesity reprograms mammary adipose tissue macrophages to a pro-inflammatory metabolically activated phenotype (MMe) that alters the niche to support tumor formation. Unlike pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages that antagonize tumorigenesis, MMe macrophages are pro-tumorigenic and represent the dominant macrophage phenotype in mammary adipose tissue of obese humans and mice. MMe macrophages release IL-6 in an NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-dependent manner, which signals through glycoprotein 130 (GP130) on TNBC cells to promote stem-like properties including tumor formation. Deleting
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.