ArticleBiophysical journal2019
Evaluation of the Duty Ratio of the Bacterial Flagellar Motor by Dynamic Load Control.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- In situ structure of a bacterial flagellar motor at subnanometre resolution reveals adaptations for increased torque.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular model of a bacterial flagellar motorbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Design of artificial molecular motor inheriting directionality and scalability.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Motility of the Zoonotic SpirocheteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Bacterial Flagellar Motor: Insights Into Torque Generation, Rotational Switching, and Mechanosensing.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Structural basis of bacterial flagellar motor rotation and switching.Trends in microbiology · 2021Review
- Cooperative stator assembly of bacterial flagellar motor mediated by rotation.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Implications of back-and-forth motion and powerful propulsion for spirochetal invasion.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Load-dependent adaptation near zero load in the bacterial flagellar motor.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2019Article
- Flagella-Driven Motility of Bacteria.Biomolecules · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The bacterial flagellar motor is one of the most complex and sophisticated nanomachineries in nature. A duty ratio D is a fraction of time that the stator and the rotor interact and is a fundamental property to characterize the motor but remains to be determined. It is known that the stator units of the motor bind to and dissociate from the motor dynamically to control the motor torque depending on the load on the motor. At low load, at which the kinetics such as proton translocation speed limits the rotation rate, the dependency of the rotation rate on the number of stator units N implies D: the dependency becomes larger for smaller D. Contradicting observations supporting both the small and large D have been reported. A dilemma is that it is difficult to explore a broad range of N at low load because the stator units easily dissociate, and N is limited to one or two at vanishing load. Here, we develop an electrorotation method to dynamically control the load on the flagellar motor of Salmonella with a calibrated magnitude of the torque. By instantly reducing the load for keeping N high, we observed that the speed at low load depends on N, implying a small duty ratio. We recovered the torque-speed curves of individual motors and evaluated the duty ratio to be 0.14 ± 0.04 from the correlation between the torque at high load and the rotation rate at low load.
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