Trial reportJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2019
Randomized Controlled Trial of Imagery Rehearsal for Posttraumatic Nightmares in Combat Veterans.
Trial report in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00691626 (CBT for Nightmares in OEF/OIF Veterans), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CBT for Nightmares in OEF/OIF Veterans
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial treatments for nightmares in adults and children: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Cultural adaptations of psychological interventions for prevalent sleep disorders and sleep disturbances: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in the United States.Sleep medicine reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Treatment for Insomnia, Nightmares, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Survivors of Wildfires: Pilot Randomized Feasibility Trial.JMIR human factors · 2025Trial
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia treatment attrition in patients with weekly nightmares.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Trial
- Brief behavioral treatment for insomnia decreases trauma-related nightmare frequency in veterans.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Trial
- Trial
- A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral treatment for trauma-related nightmares in active duty military personnel.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2020Trial
- Efficacy of imagery rehearsal therapy in the treatment of traumatic nightmares in youth with complex post-traumatic stress disorder.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Review
- Targeted dream incubation and dream self-efficacy.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Distressing dreams in trauma survivors: using a sleep diary mobile app to reveal distressing dream characteristics and their relationship to symptoms and suicidal ideation in trauma-exposed adults.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Preliminary Validation of a French Version of the Trauma-Related Nightmare Survey (TRNS-FR) in a PTSD Veteran Population.Military medicine · 2023Article
- A transdiagnostic meta-analysis of acute augmentations to psychological therapy.Nature. Mental health · 2023Article
- Call to action: Addressing sleep disturbances, a hallmark symptom of PTSD, for refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons.Sleep health · 2022Review
- Moderators of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia on Depression and Anxiety Outcomes.Current psychiatry reports · 2022Review
- A Narrative Review of the Association between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Sleep and PTSD in the Military Forces: A Reciprocal Relationship and a Psychiatric Approach.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Nightmares and Insomnia in the US National Guard: Mental and Physical Health Correlates.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Treatment of Sleep Comorbidities in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Current treatment options in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Sleep in PTSD: treatment approaches and outcomes.Current opinion in psychology · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo examine the efficacy of imagery rehearsal (IR) combined with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) compared to CBT-I alone for treating recurrent nightmares in military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
methodsIn this randomized controlled study, 108 male and female United States veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts with current, severe PTSD and recurrent, deployment-related nightmares were randomized to six sessions of IR + CBT-I (n = 55) or CBT-I (n = 53). Primary outcomes were measured with the Nightmare Frequency Questionnaire (NFQ) and Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ).
resultsImprovement with treatment was significant (29% with reduction in nightmare frequency and 22% with remission). Overall, IR + CBT-I was not superior to CBT-I (NFQ: -0.12; 95% confidence interval = -0.87 to 0.63; likelihood ratio chi square = 4.7(3),
conclusionsCombining IR with CBT-I conferred no advantage overall. Further research is essential to examine the possibly greater benefit of adding IR to CBT-I for some subgroups of veterans with PTSD. CLINICAL
trial registrationRegistry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Title: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Nightmares in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans; Identifier: NCT00691626; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00691626.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.