ReviewBrain sciences2019
Cognitive Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: An Objective Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment by Transcranial Electrical Stimulation.
Review in Brain sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- MS Fatigue Post High-Efficacy Treatment.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Modulating subjective and objective cognitive state fatigue in long COVID with repetitive anodal tDCS: results from a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.BMC neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation paired with cognitive training to reduce fatigue in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Comparing two relaxation procedures to ease fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Trial
- Mental fatigue does not affect static balance under both single and dual task conditions in young adults.Experimental brain research · 2023Trial
- The Relationship between Cognitive Dysfunction and Postural Stability in Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Trial
- An explorative cross-sectional study on the association between immunological biomarkers in patients with chronic pain.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Subjective and Objective Fatigue Assessment Approaches in Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2026Review
- Subjective mental fatigue mediates the relationship between information processing speed and verbal memory deficits in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- EEG-based frontal excitation/inhibition balance as an objective biomarker for cognitive fatigue across multiple sclerosis and Long COVID.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Predictive processes linking sense of agency and fatigue: a novel allostatic framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Fatigue prediction needs time: comparing the diagnostic value of short vs. prolonged cognitive load.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- A New Method for Inducing Mental Fatigue: A High Mental Workload Task Paradigm Based on Complex Cognitive Abilities and Time Pressure.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Quantitation of the physicochemical properties of myelin using Nile Red fluorescence spectroscopy.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Tired minds, normal scores: rethinking cognitive fatigue in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Perceived physical and mental fatigability in older adults with and without multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2024Article
- Exploring Sleep Architecture in Polish Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Polysomnography Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- A Review on Motor Imagery with Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: Bridging Motor and Cognitive Welfare for Patient Rehabilitation.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Investigating the influence of an effort-reward interaction on cognitive fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuropsychology · 2023Article
- Effects of repetitive twice-weekly transcranial direct current stimulations on fatigue and fatigability in people with multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), associated with significant impairment in daily functioning and quality of life. Despite its clinical significance, progress in understanding and treating fatigue is still limited. This limitation is already caused by an inconsistent and heterogeneous terminology and assessment of fatigue. In this review, we integrate previous literature on fatigue and propose a unified schema aiming to clarify the fatigue taxonomy. With special focus on cognitive fatigue, we survey the significance of objective behavioral and electrophysiological fatigue parameters and discuss the controversial literature on the relationship between subjective and objective fatigue assessment. As MS-related cognitive fatigue drastically affects quality of life, the development of efficient therapeutic approaches for overcoming cognitive fatigue is of high clinical relevance. In this regard, the reliable and valid assessment of the individual fatigue level by objective parameters is essential for systematic treatment evaluation and optimization. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) may offer a unique opportunity to manipulate maladaptive neural activity underlying MS fatigue. Therefore, we discuss evidence for the therapeutic potential of tES on cognitive fatigue in people with MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.