ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2019
Protein intake and the incidence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in 4 population-based studies: the PREVIEW project.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary protein and risk of type 2 diabetes: findings from a registry-based cohort study and a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Nutrition & diabetes · 2025Pooled it
- Substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The PREVIEW intervention study: Results from a 3-year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Trial
- Evaluation of the Accuracy, Usability, and User Perspectives of the Ecological Momentary Dietary Assessment App Traqq Among Dutch Adolescents: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
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- Amelioration of Insulin Resistance by Whey Protein in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Pediatric Obesity Male Mouse Model.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Dietary protein in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Dietary protein, amino acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a short review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Quantile forward regression for high-dimensional survival data.Lifetime data analysis · 2023Article
- Exploring the Interrelationships between Diabetes, Nutrition, Anxiety, and Depression: Implications for Treatment and Prevention Strategies.Nutrients · 2023Review
- A review of harmonization methods for studying dietary patterns.Smart health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Associations of changes in reported and estimated protein and energy intake with changes in insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin, and BMI during the PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Protein Intake and Human Health: Implications of Units of Protein Intake.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Insulin Resistance is Associated with Subclinical Vascular Injury in Patients with a Kidney Disease.Current cardiology reviews · 2021Article
- Sustaining Protein Nutrition Through Plant-Based Foods.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Editorial: FIN Special Issue on PREVIEW.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Medical nutrition therapy and dietary counseling for patients with diabetes-energy, carbohydrates, protein intake and dietary counseling.Diabetology international · 2020Article
- Cow's Milk and Dairy Consumption: Is There Now Consensus for Cardiometabolic Health?Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundData on the relationship between protein intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes are conflicting.
objectiveWe studied prospective associations between the intake of total, plant-based, and animal protein and the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes in 4 population-based studies included in the PREVIEW project.
methodsAnalyses were conducted with the use of data from 3 European cohorts and 1 Canadian cohort, including 78,851 participants. Protein intake was assessed through the use of harmonized data from food-frequency questionnaires or 3-d dietary records. Cohort-specific incidence ratios (IRs) were estimated for pre-diabetes and diabetes, adjusting for general characteristics, lifestyle and dietary factors, disease history, and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference; results were pooled based on a random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsHigher total protein intake (g · kg-1 · d-1) was associated with lower incidences of pre-diabetes and diabetes (pooled IRs: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.87 and 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83, respectively); plant-based protein intake was the main determinant (pooled IRs: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.86 and 0.53; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.76, respectively). Substituting 2 energy percentage (E%) protein at the expense of carbohydrates revealed increased risks of pre-diabetes and diabetes (pooled IRs: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18, respectively). Except for the associations between intakes of total protein and plant-based protein (g · kg-1 · d-1) and diabetes, all other associations became nonsignificant after adjustment for BMI and waist circumference.
conclusionsHigher protein intake (g · kg-1 · d-1) was associated with a lower risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes. Associations were substantially attenuated after adjustments for BMI and waist circumference, which demonstrates a crucial role for adiposity and may account for previous conflicting findings. This study was registered at ISRCTN as ISRCTN31174892.
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