ArticleJAMA network open2019
Association of Economic Status and Educational Attainment With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in JAMA network open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the comorbidity between posttraumatic stress severity and coronary artery disease using genome-wide information and electronic health records.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Genetic pleiotropy differentially linking brain variation to cannabis use and cannabis use disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Elucidating psychosocial outcome profiles as a function of aggregate genetic risk for suicide attempt and alcohol use disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Shared genetic architecture between ADHD and intelligence varies across ADHD subtypes.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- The Intersection of Traumatic Events Across Generations: PTSD Symptoms Among War Veterans With Holocaust Survivor Parents Before and Following the October 7 Terror Attack.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2025Article
- A genetic exploration of the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular diseases.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Genetically Informed Study Highlights Income-Independent Effect of Schizophrenia Liability on Mental and Physical Health.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- Genomic structural equation modeling reveals latent phenotypes in the human cortex with distinct genetic architecture.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Brainwide Mendelian Randomization Study of Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- Associations among Maternal Trauma History, Postnatal Maternal Sensitivity, and Infant Temperament.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Socio-economic factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms among adolescents and young people during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Genomic Structural Equation Modeling Reveals Latent Phenotypes in the Human Cortex with Distinct Genetic Architecture.Research square · 2023Article
- A Mendelian randomization study of genetic liability to post-traumatic stress disorder and risk of ischemic stroke.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Structural vulnerability as a conceptual framework for transgender health research: findings from a community needs assessment of transgender women of colour in Detroit.Culture, health & sexuality · 2023Article
- Oral microbiota signatures in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) veterans.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- The association of obesity-related traits on COVID-19 severity and hospitalization is affected by socio-economic status: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Using phenotype risk scores to enhance gene discovery for generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Shorter Telomeres Related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Re-experiencing Symptoms in Sexually Assaulted Civilian Women.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Intestinal metabolites and the risk of autistic spectrum disorder: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Disentangling sex differences in the shared genetic architecture of posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic experiences, and social support with body size and composition.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: There is a well-established negative association of educational attainment (EA) and other traits related to cognitive ability with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Objectives: To investigate the association of PTSD with traits related to EA. Design, Setting, and Participants: Genetic correlation, polygenic risk scoring, and mendelian randomization (MR) were conducted including 23 185 individuals with PTSD and 151 309 control participants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for PTSD and up to 1 131 881 individuals assessed for EA and related traits from UK Biobank, 23andMe, and the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium. Data were analyzed from July 3 through November 19, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Genetic correlation obtained from linkage disequilibrium score regression, phenotypic variance explained by polygenic risk scores, and association estimates from MR. Results: Summary association data from multiple genome-wide association studies were available for a total of 1 180 352 participants (634 391 [53.7%] women). Posttraumatic stress disorder showed negative genetic correlations with EA (rg = -0.26; SE = 0.05; P = 4.60 × 10-8). Mendelian randomization analysis, conducting considering a random-effects inverse-variance weighted method, indicated that EA has a negative association with PTSD (β = -0.23; 95% CI, -0.07 to -0.39; P = .004). Investigating potential mediators of the EA-PTSD association, propensity for trauma exposure and risk-taking behaviors were observed as risk factors for PTSD independent of EA (trauma exposure: β = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.52; P = 2.57 × 10-5; risk-taking: β = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.38 to 1.13; P = 1.13 × 10-4), while income may mediate the association of EA with PSTD (MR income: β = -0.18; 95% CI, -0.29 to -0.07; P = .001; MR EA: β = -0.23; 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.07; P = .004; multivariable MR income: β = -0.32; 95% CI, -0.57 to 0.07; P = .02; multivariable MR EA: β = -0.04; 95% CI, -0.29 to 0.21; SE, 0.13; P = .79). Conclusions and Relevance: Large-scale genomic data sets add further evidence to the negative association of EA with PTSD, also supporting the role of economic status as a mediator in the association observed.
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Registered trials
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