ReviewCellular microbiology2019
The role of the single interchains disulfide bond in tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins and the development of antitetanus and antibotulism drugs.
Review in Cellular microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disulfidptosis and its molecular mechanisms in cancer: mechanisms, regulation, and therapeutic potential.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Comprehensive Review on Clinical and Pharmacological Insights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Targeting novel regulated cell death: disulfidptosis in cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Botulinum Neurotoxins as Two-Faced Janus Proteins.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Local Tetanus Begins with a Neuromuscular Junction Paralysis around the Site of Tetanus Neurotoxin Release due to Cleavage of the Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Facial neuromuscular junctions and brainstem nuclei are the target of tetanus neurotoxin in cephalic tetanus.JCI insight · 2023Article
- High-Throughput IgG Epitope Mapping of Tetanus Neurotoxin: Implications for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Design.Toxins · 2023Article
- Some reasons for frowning upon the effects of botulinum toxin injections in facial muscles.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2023Article
- Article
- Toxicology and pharmacology of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins: an update.Archives of toxicology · 2022Review
- Latrotoxin-Induced Neuromuscular Junction Degeneration Reveals Urocortin 2 as a Critical Contributor to Motor Axon Terminal Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors That Prevent the Neuroparalysis of Tetanus Neurotoxin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Structural flexibility of the tetanus neurotoxin revealed by crystallographic and solution scattering analyses.Journal of structural biology: X · 2021Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins: Mechanism of Action.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Review
- Review
- The role of the single interchains disulfide bond in tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins and the development of antitetanus and antibotulism drugs.Cellular microbiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A large number of bacterial toxins consist of active and cell binding protomers linked by an interchain disulfide bridge. The largest family of such disulfide-bridged exotoxins is that of the clostridial neurotoxins that consist of two chains and comprise the tetanus neurotoxins causing tetanus and the botulinum neurotoxins causing botulism. Reduction of the interchain disulfide abolishes toxicity, and we discuss the experiments that revealed the role of this structural element in neuronal intoxication. The redox couple thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin (TrxR-Trx) was identified as the responsible for reduction of this disulfide occurring on the cytosolic surface of synaptic vesicles. We then discuss the very relevant finding that drugs that inhibit TrxR-Trx also prevent botulism. On this basis, we propose that ebselen and PX-12, two TrxR-Trx specific drugs previously used in clinical trials in humans, satisfy all the requirements for clinical tests aiming at evaluating their capacity to effectively counteract human and animal botulism arising from intestinal toxaemias such as infant botulism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.