Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31049937›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of dermatology2020

Tumour-cell-derived complement components C1r and C1s promote growth of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

P Riihilä, K Viiklepp, L Nissinen, M Farshchian, M Kallajoki, A Kivisaari, S Meri, J Peltonen, S Peltonen, V-M Kähäri

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of dermatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. The tumor microenvironment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in high-risk patient groups: A scoping review.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Complement system in tumor growth and metastases.British journal of cancer · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Web engine for tumor pathology image retrievals on massive scales.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
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  16. Review
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

P RiihiläDepartment of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
K ViikleppDepartment of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
L NissinenDepartment of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
M FarshchianDepartment of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
M KallajokiDepartment of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
A KivisaariDepartment of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
S MeriHaartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
J PeltonenDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
S PeltonenDepartment of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
V-M KähäriDepartment of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-2421-9368
University of Turku · FITurku University Hospital · FIUniversity of Helsinki · FI

Funding

Cancer Foundation of Southwest FinlandFinnish Cancer Research FoundationFinnish Cultural Foundation Southwest Finland Regional FundFinnish Medical Foundation;Jane and Aatos Erkko FoundationSigrid Juselius FoundationTurku University Hospital 13336
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe incidence of epidermal keratinocyte-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing worldwide.

objectivesTo study the role of the complement classical pathway components C1q, C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC.

methodsThe mRNA levels of C1Q subunits and C1R and C1S in cSCC cell lines, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, cSCC tumours in vivo and normal skin were analysed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The production of C1r and C1s was determined with Western blotting. The expression of C1r and C1s in tissue samples in vivo was analysed with immunohistochemistry and further investigated in human cSCC xenografts by knocking down C1r and C1s.

resultsSignificantly elevated C1R and C1S mRNA levels and production of C1r and C1s were detected in cSCC cells, compared with normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The mRNA levels of C1R and C1S were markedly elevated in cSCC tumours in vivo compared with normal skin. Abundant expression of C1r and C1s by tumour cells was detected in invasive sporadic cSCCs and recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-associated cSCCs, whereas the expression of C1r and C1s was lower in cSCC in situ, actinic keratosis and normal skin. Knockdown of C1r and C1s expression in cSCC cells inhibited activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 and Akt, promoted apoptosis of cSCC cells and significantly suppressed growth and vascularization of human cSCC xenograft tumours in vivo.

conclusionsThese results provide evidence for the role of tumour-cell-derived C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC and identify them as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in cSCC. What's already known about this topic? The incidences of actinic keratosis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in situ and invasive cSCC are increasing globally. Few specific biomarkers for progression of cSCC have been identified, and no biological markers are in clinical use to predict the aggressiveness of actinic keratosis, cSCC in situ and invasive cSCC. What does this study add? Our results provide novel evidence for the role of complement classical pathway components C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC. What is the translational message? Our results identify complement classical pathway components C1r and C1s as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in cSCC.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Squamous CellKeratosis, ActinicSkin NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorHumansKeratinocytes

Identifiers

PMID31049937
PMCPMC7065064
OpenAlexW2942898054

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.