ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2019
Household Costs of Diarrhea by Etiology in 7 Countries, The Global Enterics Mulitcenter Study (GEMS).
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consequences of Shigella infection in young children: a systematic review.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Cost of illness for childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of evidence and modelled estimates.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Burden of diarrheal diseases among children under five in East Africa, 2000-2023: insights from the global burden of disease 2023 study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Exploring risk factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure on diarrhea management in Karachi, Pakistan, 2022-2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- How well do disease-specific studies and WHO-CHOICE cost estimates align? Example of estimating cost per episode of diarrhoea and respiratory syncytial virus in 128 low-income and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Cost of diarrhoea: a household perspective from seven countries in the Global Enteric Multicentre Study (GEMS).BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Bacterial lysis or survival after infection with phage Sf14 depends on combined nutrient and temperature conditions.PloS one · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Cost ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Trends in epidemiological characteristics and etiologies of diarrheal disease in children under five: an ecological study based on Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Science in One Health · 2024Article
- Household economic costs of norovirus gastroenteritis in two community cohorts in Peru, 2012-2019.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- The Truman Show for Human Helminthic Parasites: A Review of Recent Advances in In Vitro Cultivation Platforms.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Patient-related healthcare costs for diarrhoea, Guillain Barré syndrome and invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis in Gondar, Ethiopia, 2020.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough there are many overlapping features, pediatric diarrheal diseases can vary in severity, duration, clinical manifestations, and sequelae according to the causal pathogen, which in turn can impact the economic burden on patients and their families. We aimed to evaluate the household costs of diarrheal disease by pathogen in 7 countries.
methodsWe analyzed data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), a prospective, age-stratified, matched case-control study of moderate to severe diarrheal disease among children aged 0-59 months in 7 low-income countries; 4 in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, The Gambia) and 3 in Asia (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan). Demographic, epidemiological, economic, and clinical data were collected, and a stool sample was obtained for microbiological analysis at enrollment. We used a multivariate generalized linear model to assess the effect of rotavirus,
resultsHousehold out-of-pocket costs were higher in Mali than any other country. Within countries, household cost differences between pathogens were minimal and not statistically significantly different.
conclusionsWe found no significant differences in household costs by pathogen. Despite data limitations, understanding pathogen-specific household costs (or lack thereof) is useful, as decision-makers could consider broader illness cost information and its relevance to a particular pathogen's economic burden and contribution to poverty when deciding which pathogens to target for interventions.
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