ArticlePLoS pathogens2019
Decoration of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen EPA is essential for virulence, cell surface charge and interaction with effectors of the innate immune system.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Biofilm dispersion inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Applications and benefits of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Resistance Surveillance Project-legacy and future.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Enterococcal cell wall remodelling underpins pathogenesis via the release of the Enteroccocal Polysaccharide Antigen (EPA).PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Insights into ecology, pathogenesis, and biofilm formation ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- zol and fai: large-scale targeted detection and evolutionary investigation of gene clusters.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Molecular properties of the RmlT wall teichoic acid rhamnosyltransferase that modulates virulence in Listeria monocytogenes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- zol & fai: large-scale targeted detection and evolutionary investigation of gene clusters.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of E. faecalis enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (EPA) and lipoproteins in evasion of phagocytosis.Molecular microbiology · 2024Article
- The Impact ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in blood.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Enterococcal-host interactions in the gastrointestinal tract and beyond.FEMS microbes · 2024Review
- The two-component system CroRS acts as a master regulator of cell envelope homeostasis to confer antimicrobial tolerance in the bacterial pathogen Enterococcus faecalis.Molecular microbiology · 2023Article
- Aging-Associated Augmentation of Gut Microbiome Virulence Capability Drives Sepsis Severity.mBio · 2023Article
- Targeted IS-element sequencing uncovers transposition dynamics during selective pressure in enterococci.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- A moonlighting role for LysM peptidoglycan binding domains underpins Enterococcus faecalis daughter cell separation.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Barriers to genetic manipulation of Enterococci: Current Approaches and Future Directions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Disruption of theJournal of bacteriology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen with an intrinsically high resistance to lysozyme, a key effector of the innate immune system. This high level of resistance requires a complex network of transcriptional regulators and several genes (oatA, pgdA, dltA and sigV) acting synergistically to inhibit both the enzymatic and cationic antimicrobial peptide activities of lysozyme. We sought to identify novel genes modulating E. faecalis resistance to lysozyme. Random transposon mutagenesis carried out in the quadruple oatA/pgdA/dltA/sigV mutant led to the identification of several independent insertions clustered on the chromosome. These mutations were located in a locus referred to as the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (EPA) variable region located downstream of the highly conserved epaA-epaR genes proposed to encode a core synthetic machinery. The epa variable region was previously proposed to be responsible for EPA decorations, but the role of this locus remains largely unknown. Here, we show that EPA decoration contributes to resistance towards charged antimicrobials and underpins virulence in the zebrafish model of infection by conferring resistance to phagocytosis. Collectively, our results indicate that the production of the EPA rhamnopolysaccharide backbone is not sufficient to promote E. faecalis infections and reveal an essential role of the modification of this surface polymer for enterococcal pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.