ArticleGenetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics2019
Preemptive pharmacogenetic testing: exploring the knowledge and perspectives of US payers.
Article in Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of pharmacogenetic clinical decision support systems for the treatment of major depressive disorder.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of the evidence on the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics-guided treatment for cardiovascular diseases.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2020Pooled it
- Assessing the Frequency, Prescribing Patterns, and Characteristics of Patients Receiving Drugs with Pharmacogenomic (PGx) Guidelines Through an EMR: Follow-Up Analysis 5 Years Later.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The role of pharmacogenomics in the discontinuation of psychotropic medication: a scoping review protocol.HRB open research · 2026Article
- Strategic insights into pharmacogenomics coverage: a theory-informed SWOT analysis of UAE insurance stakeholders' perspectives.Human genomics · 2025Article
- A Pilot Study of Pharmacogenomics in Patients With Kidney Failure of an Unknown Cause.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Progress in Pharmacogenomics Implementation in the United States: Barrier Erosion and Remaining Challenges.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Analyzing pharmacogenetics cost effectiveness and savings across common health conditions in the United States.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Review
- Development of an Ancestrally Inclusive Preemptive Pharmacogenetic Testing Panel.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- A feasibility study on implementing pre-emptive pharmacogenomics testing in outpatient clinics in Singapore (IMPT study).The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Article
- Implementation and integration of a multidisciplinary pharmacogenomics service in an underserved integrated behavioral health clinic.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenetics: Opportunities for theAnnual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2025Review
- Article
- An EMR-Based Approach to Determine Frequency, Prescribing Pattern, and Characteristics of Patients Receiving Drugs with Pharmacogenomic Guidelines.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Perspectives of private payers on multicancer early-detection tests: informing research, implementation, and policy.Health affairs scholar · 2023Article
- The Implementation of Pharmacogenetics in the United Kingdom.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Pharmacogenomics in practice: a review and implementation guide.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Building Evidence for Clinical Use of Pharmacogenomics and Reimbursement for Testing.Clinics in laboratory medicine · 2022Review
- Preferences for pharmacogenomic testing in polypharmacy patients: a discrete choice experiment.Personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Advancing Pharmacogenomics from Single-Gene to Preemptive Testing.Annual review of genomics and human genetics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposePreemptive pharmacogenetic testing aims to optimize medication use by having genetic information at the point of prescribing. Payers' decisions influence implementation of this technology. We investigated US payers' knowledge, awareness, and perspectives on preemptive pharmacogenetic testing.
methodsA qualitative study was conducted using semistructured interviews. Participants were screened for eligibility through an online survey. A blended inductive and deductive approach was used to analyze the transcripts. Two authors conducted an iterative reading process to code and categorize the data.
resultsMedical or pharmacy directors from 14 payer organizations covering 122 million US lives were interviewed. Three concept domains and ten dimensions were developed. Key findings include clinical utility concerns and limited exposure to preemptive germ-line testing, continued preference for outcomes from randomized controlled trials, interest in guideline development, importance of demonstrating an impact on clinical decision making, concerns of downstream costs and benefit predictability, and the impact of public stakeholders such as the Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
conclusionBoth barriers and potential facilitators exist to developing cohesive reimbursement policy for pharmacogenetics, and there are unique challenges for the preemptive testing model. Prospective outcome studies, more precisely defining target populations, and predictive economic models are important considerations for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.