ArticleJAMA ophthalmology2019
Association of Statin Use and High Serum Cholesterol Levels With Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.
Article in JAMA ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of different types of statins with the risk of open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Statin Use and Glaucoma Risk: A Population-Based Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The power of many: multi-database approach to understand the relationship between statins and glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Profile of Lipoprotein Subclasses in Chinese Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association between statin use and open-angle glaucoma: a nested case-control study using the Japanese claims database.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Software development skills for health data researchers.BMJ health & care informatics · 2022Article
- Statins Inhibit the Gliosis of MIO-M1, a Müller Glial Cell Line Induced by TRPV4 Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Associations of statin use with the onset and progression of open-angle glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Systemic Renin and Angiotensin II Levels in Normal Tension Glaucoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- AIBP protects retinal ganglion cells against neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.Redox biology · 2020Article
- Dietary Patterns, Carbohydrates, and Age-Related Eye Diseases.Nutrients · 2020Review
- A review of systemic medications that may modulate the risk of glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2020Review
- Clinical implications of recent advances in primary open-angle glaucoma genetics.Eye (London, England) · 2020Review
- Machine Learning-Based Predictive Modeling of Surgical Intervention in Glaucoma Using Systemic Data From Electronic Health Records.American journal of ophthalmology · 2019Article
- The Role of Statins and Cholesterol in the Primary Prevention of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.JAMA ophthalmology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2020-03-12Error in Analyses · Retract and Replace · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Commented on by
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: The use of statins (hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors) has been associated with a lower risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG); however, results have been conflicting, and little is known about the association between high cholesterol levels and POAG. Objective: To assess the association of elevated cholesterol levels and statin use with incident POAG. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study used data collected biennially from participants aged 40 years or older who were free of glaucoma and reported eye examinations, within 3 population-based cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (N = 50 710; followed up from 2000 to 2014), the Nurses' Health Study 2 (N = 62 992; 1999-2015), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (N = 23 080; 2000-2014). Incident cases of POAG were confirmed by medical record review. The analyses were performed in January 2019. Exposures: Biennially updated self-reported information on elevated cholesterol level status, serum cholesterol levels, and duration of statin use. Main Outcomes and Measures: Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models on pooled data, with stratification by cohort. Results: Among the 136 782 participants in the 3 cohorts (113 702 women and 23 080 men), 886 incident cases of POAG were identified. Every 20-mg/dL increase in total serum cholesterol was associated with a 7% increase in risk of POAG (RR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02-1.11]; P = .004). Any self-reported history of elevated cholesterol was also associated with a higher risk of POAG (RR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.00-1.37]). A history of any statin use was associated with a 15% lower risk of POAG (RR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.73-0.99]). Use of statins for 5 or more years vs never use of statins was associated with a 21% lower risk of POAG (RR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.65-0.97]; P = .02 for linear trend). The association between use of statins for 5 or more years vs never use of statins and risk of POAG was more inverse in those who were older (≥65 years: RR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.56-0.87] vs <65 years: RR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.68-1.63]; P = .01 for interaction). Conclusions and Relevance: Among adults aged 40 years or older, higher serum cholesterol levels were associated with higher risk of POAG, while 5 or more years of statin use compared with never use of statins was associated with a lower risk of POAG.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.