ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2019
Brief Report: HIV Antibodies Decline During Antiretroviral Therapy but Remain Correlated With HIV DNA and HIV-Specific T-Cell Responses.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-1 Serological Responses and Their Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Breast milk antibody Fc signatures track with HIV transmission during breastfeeding in ART-naïve mothers.iScience · 2026Article
- Characterization of HIV humoral immunity during analytical treatment interruption.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2026Article
- HIV serologic reactivity varies with time of ART initiation in persons on long-term ART.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Inhibition of TIGIT on NK cells improves their cytotoxicity and HIV reservoir eradication potential.mBio · 2025Article
- Leveraging antigenic seniority for maternal vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Helios expressing regulatory T cells are correlated with decreased IL-2 producing CD8 T cells and antibody diversity in Mozambican individuals living chronically with HIV-1.BMC immunology · 2022Article
- Natural Killer Cell Receptors and Ligands Are Associated With Markers of HIV-1 Persistence in Chronically Infected ART Suppressed Patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Unconventional CD45RA+ memory CD8 T cells to control HIV infection during antiretroviral therapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2020Article
- Have Cells Harboring the HIV Reservoir Been Immunoedited?Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the relationship between HIV-specific immune responses and measures of HIV persistence is uncertain.
methodsWe evaluated 101 individuals on suppressive ART in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5321 cohort. Cell-associated (CA) HIV DNA and RNA levels and HIV antibody concentrations and avidity to Env/p24 were measured longitudinally at years 1, 4, and 6-15 after ART initiation. Plasma HIV RNA by single copy assay and T-cell responses (IFN-γ ELISPOT) against multiple HIV antigens were measured at the last time point.
resultsHIV antibody levels declined significantly with increasing time on ART (19%/year between year 1 and 4). HIV antibody levels correlated with T-cell responses to HIV Pol (r = 0.28, P = 0.014) and to Nef/Tat/Rev (r = 0.34; P = 0.002). HIV antibody and T-cell responses were positively associated with HIV DNA levels; for example, at the last time point (median 7 years on ART), r = 0.35 for antibody levels and HIV DNA (P < 0.001); r = 0.23 for Nef/Tat/Rev-specific T-cell responses and HIV DNA (P = 0.03). Neither antibody nor T-cell responses correlated with cell-associated HIV RNA or plasma RNA by single copy assay.
conclusionsIn individuals on long-term ART, HIV-specific antibody and T-cell responses correlate with each other and with HIV DNA levels. The positive correlation between HIV immune responses and HIV DNA implies that the immune system is sensing, but not clearing, infected cells, perhaps because of immune dysfunction. Measuring immune responses to HIV antigens may provide insight into the impact of reservoir-reducing strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.