ReviewPatient preference and adherence2019
Objective measures of non-adherence in cardiometabolic diseases: a review focused on urine biochemical screening.
Review in Patient preference and adherence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Variation in the Treatment Practices for Medication Nonadherence, Drug-Drug Interactions, and Recognition of Disease Progression in Patients with Chronic Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Patient Simulation Study among Primary Care Physicians.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Trial
- A literature review of the pharmacokinetic profiles of 20 commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications for use in chemical adherence testing.Journal of hypertension · 2026Review
- Improving medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: strategies for better clinical and economic outcomes.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Biochemical urine analysis of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin by LC-MS: a pilot study of an objective method to assess non-adherence.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the Adelphi Adherence Questionnaire (ADAQ©) in a type 2 diabetes mellitus population as a new measure of adherence and the complex factors influencing adherence in routine care.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- The association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with depression and length of hospitalization: a population-based cross-sectional study among adults in Turkey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular medication adherence testing in patients living with HIV: A single-centre observational study.HIV medicine · 2024Observational
- Non-adherence to cardiometabolic medication as assessed by LC-MS/MS in urine and its association with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Improving medication adherence in cardiovascular disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Comparison of measures of medication adherence from pharmacy dispensing and insurer claims data.Health services research · 2022Article
- Associations of Plasma Concentration Profiles of Dapagliflozin, a Selective Inhibitor of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter Type 2, with Its Effects in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are among the most prevalent and harmful conditions worldwide. They are complex, comorbid conditions that require polypharmacy - a known contributor to non-adherence in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Suboptimal adherence is associated with poor disease control, which increases the risk of hospitalizations, mortality, and preventable financial implications. However, until recently, the lack of a gold standard for non-adherence testing in cardiometabolic diseases has been the major barrier for understanding true prevalence and mortality consequences. Recent European guidelines have endorsed biochemical testing as the preferred measure for non-adherence in CVD, with urinary screening methods being the most clinically widespread. The diagnostic and therapeutic benefits incurred to health service resources by use of biochemical non-adherence testing are vast, as hospitalizations and associated economic burdens are reduced, and tailored therapies are increased. However, biochemical testing can only signify a snap shot of adherence behavior, and true adherence may be skewed by pharmacokinetic factors. This review summarizes current literature regarding the prevalence, impact, and reasons of non-adherence in cardiometabolic disease. The benefits of current adherence diagnostic tools have been appraised, where urine in biochemical testing has been focused upon and evaluated against other matrices.
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