ArticleScientific reports2019
Environmental distribution of certain modified live-virus vaccines with a high safety profile presents a low-risk, high-reward to control zoonotic diseases.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Evaluating the 2024 dog oral rabies vaccination campaign in the Zambezi region, Namibia using GIS and household surveys.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Human safety of SPBN GASGAS for oral rabies vaccination of dogs.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Preharvest Control ofMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- Recent development of oral vaccines (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Emergency response using oral rabies vaccination of dogs -field data from Namibia demonstrate high efficiency.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Oral Rabies Vaccine Baits Containing SPBN GASGAS in Domestic Dogs According to International Standards.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Oral rabies vaccination of dogs-Experiences from a field trial in Namibia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Vaccine Preventable Zoonotic Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities for Public Health Progress.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Review
- Safety and Efficacy of the East Coast Fever Muguga Cocktail Vaccine: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Feasibility and Effectiveness Studies with Oral Vaccination of Free-Roaming Dogs against Rabies in Thailand.Viruses · 2021Article
- Role of Oral Rabies Vaccines in the Elimination of Dog-Mediated Human Rabies Deaths.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Humoral Immune Response of Thai Dogs after Oral Vaccination against Rabies with the SPBN GASGAS Vaccine Strain.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Reviewing Solutions of Scale for Canine Rabies Elimination in India.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Review
- Update on lyssaviruses and rabies: will past progress play as prologue in the near term towards future elimination?Faculty reviews · 2020Review
- Change in the Single Amino Acid Site 83 in Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Enhances the BBB Permeability and Reduces Viral Pathogenicity.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Development of a Non-Meat-Based, Mass Producible and Effective Bait for Oral Vaccination of Dogs against Rabies in Goa State, India.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral vaccines aid immunization of hard to reach animal populations but often contain live-attenuated viruses that pose risks of reversion to virulence or residual pathogenicity. Human risk assessment is crucial prior to vaccine field distribution but there is currently no standardized approach. We mapped exposure pathways by which distribution of oral vaccines may result in inoculation into people and applied a Markov chain to estimate the number of severe adverse events. We simulated three oral rabies vaccination (ORV) campaigns: (1) first generation ORV (SAD-B19) in foxes, (2) SAD-B19 in dogs, and (3) third generation ORV (SPBN GASGAS) in dogs. The risk of SAD-B19-associated human deaths was predicted to be low (0.18 per 10 million baits, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.36) when distributed to foxes, but, consistent with international concern, 19 times greater (3.35 per 10 million baits, 95% CI: 2.83, 3.98) when distributed to dogs. We simulated no deaths from SPBN GAS-GAS. Human deaths during dog campaigns were particularly sensitive to dog bite rate, and during wildlife campaigns to animal consumption rate and human contact rate with unconsumed baits. This model highlights the safety of third generation rabies vaccines and serves as a platform for standardized approaches to inform risk assessments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.