ArticleScientific reports2019
Non-invasive, Brain-controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation for Locomotion Rehabilitation in Individuals with Paraplegia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Rehabilitative BCI for Lower Limb Function Recovery in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Brain-controlled Spinal Cord Stimulation in Participants With Chronic Stroke for Lower and Upper Limb Rehabilitation
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of non-invasive brain-computer interface technology on the therapeutic effect of patients with spinal cord injury: a summary of evidence based on meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Transcutaneous Functional Electrical Stimulation Controlled by a System of Sensors for the Lower Limbs: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Training with noninvasive brain-machine interface, tactile feedback, and locomotion to enhance neurological recovery in individuals with complete paraplegia: a randomized pilot study.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- On the way home: a BCI-FES hand therapy self-managed by sub-acute SCI participants and their caregivers: a usability study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Trial
- Sensor Inputs and Closed-Loop Neuromodulation in Spinal Cord Injury: From Animal Models to Clinical Translation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Perilesional neuromodulation replaces lost sensorimotor function in persons with spinal cord injury.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Improving muscle recruitment via multi-electrode transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation using automated selectivity-driven algorithms.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Pharmacological and device-based interventions for paraplegia: A ClinicalTrials.gov-based analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- Non-invasive closed-loop spinal stimulation restores leg stepping control in humans with paraplegia.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- An Intuitive, Bidirectional, and Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation System for Hand Rehabilitation.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026Article
- Temporal interference stimulation of peripheral nerves induces functionally diverse limb movements revealed by automated pose estimation and unsupervised behavioral analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Multimodal closed-loop strategies for gait recovery after spinal cord injury and stroke via the integration of robotics and neuromodulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Identification and validation of biomarkers associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in rat spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Quantitative assessment of signal quality and usability of EEG and EMG recordings with PEDOT:PSS-coated microneedle electrodes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Activation of a Rhythmic Lower Limb Movement Pattern during the Use of a Multimodal Brain-Computer Interface: A Case Study of a Clinically Complete Spinal Cord Injury.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Neurostimulation on lumbosacral nerves as a new treatment for spinal cord injury impairments and its impact on cortical activity: a narrative review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Review
- An Investigation of Manifold-Based Direct Control for a Brain-to-Body Neural Bypass.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Prediction of isometric forces from combined epidural spinal cord and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the rat lower limb.Research square · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs the flow of sensory and motor signals between the brain and the areas of the body located below the lesion level. Here, we describe a neurorehabilitation setup combining several approaches that were shown to have a positive effect in patients with SCI: gait training by means of non-invasive, surface functional electrical stimulation (sFES) of the lower-limbs, proprioceptive and tactile feedback, balance control through overground walking and cue-based decoding of cortical motor commands using a brain-machine interface (BMI). The central component of this new approach was the development of a novel muscle stimulation paradigm for step generation using 16 sFES channels taking all sub-phases of physiological gait into account. We also developed a new BMI protocol to identify left and right leg motor imagery that was used to trigger an sFES-generated step movement. Our system was tested and validated with two patients with chronic paraplegia. These patients were able to walk safely with 65-70% body weight support, accumulating a total of 4,580 steps with this setup. We observed cardiovascular improvements and less dependency on walking assistance, but also partial neurological recovery in both patients, with substantial rates of motor improvement for one of them.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.