ArticlemSphere2019
Antibiotic Resistance Gene Diversity and Virulence Gene Diversity Are Correlated in Human Gut and Environmental Microbiomes.
Article in mSphere, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of human gut resistome studies revealed variable definitions and approaches.Gut microbes · 2020Pooled it
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- Residential proximity to intensive animal agriculture associates with increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in homes.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Metagenomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and mobile genetic elements in the gut microbiota of Caprinae species.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Genome-wide co-occurrence patterns link mobile genetic elements, antimicrobial resistance and defense systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Genomic and functional characterization of the L‑sorbose phosphotransferase system in high-riskmSystems · 2026Article
- Azithromycin mass drug administration to reduce childhood mortality in humanitarian crises.PLOS global public health · 2026Review
- Plasmid Genomic Dynamics and One Health: Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance and Pathogenicity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Environmental drivers of the resistome across the Baltic Sea.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Emerging Resistance and Virulence Patterns inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The contribution of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance to climate change and a possible way to reverse it whilst still offering high quality healthcare-a conceptual analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- From grasslands to genes: exploring the major microbial drivers of antibiotic-resistance in microhabitats under persistent overgrazing.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Article
- Co-localization of antibiotic resistance genes is widespread in the infant gut microbiome and associates with an immature gut microbial composition.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Article
- Genetic- and fiber-diet-mediated changes in virulence factors in pig colon contents and feces and their driving factors.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- The gut metagenome harbors metabolic and antibiotic resistance signatures of moderate-to-severe asthma.FEMS microbes · 2024Article
- Resistome in the indoor dust samples from workplaces and households: a pilot study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Investigation Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets inBioMed research international · 2024Article
- Multi-Drug Resistance in Bacterial Genomes-A Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human beings have used large amounts of antibiotics, not only in medical contexts but also, for example, as growth factors in agriculture and livestock, resulting in the contamination of the environment. Even when pathogenic bacteria are the targets of antibiotics, hundreds of nonpathogenic bacterial species are affected as well. Therefore, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria have gradually become resistant to antibiotics. We tested whether there is still cooccurrence of resistance and virulence determinants. We performed a comparative study of environmental and human gut metagenomes from different individuals and from distinct human populations across the world. We found a great diversity of antibiotic resistance determinants (AR diversity [ARd]) and virulence factors (VF diversity [VFd]) in metagenomes. Importantly there is a correlation between ARd and VFd, even after correcting for protein family richness. In the human gut, there are less ARd and VFd than in more diversified environments, and yet correlations between the ARd and VFd are stronger. They can vary from very high in Malawi, where antibiotic consumption is unattended, to nonexistent in the uncontacted Amerindian population. We conclude that there is cooccurrence of resistance and virulence determinants in human gut microbiomes, suggesting a possible coselective mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.