ArticleCancer research2019
Inflammatory Breast Cancer Promotes Development of M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Cancer Mesenchymal Cells through a Complex Chemokine Network.
Article in Cancer research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of STAT3 signaling pathway in breast cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2020Pooled it
- TBCRC 039: a phase II study of preoperative ruxolitinib with or without paclitaxel for triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Trial
- Correlation between TNF-BioMed research international · 2021Trial
- The immunology of human breast cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Fusion-driven oncogenic programs shape the immune landscape in translocation renal cell carcinoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Reprogramming the Immune Landscape of Inflammatory Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptome profiling identifies cellular heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- The spatial immune landscape predicts outcome and reveals the central role of tumor-associated macrophages in inflammatory breast cancer biology.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Tumor Microenvironment Characterization IdentifiesHuman mutation · 2026Article
- Inhibition of DDX3 modulates immune signaling in aggressive breast cancers.Cancer letters · 2025Article
- Breast cancer remodels lymphatics in sentinel lymph nodes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-engaged cell spheroid for stem cell therapy: role of Interleukin 8 in the immune-modulatory effectiveness in the critical limb ischemia model.Stem cells translational medicine · 2025Article
- Tissue mechanics in tumor heterogeneity and aggression.Trends in cancer · 2025Review
- The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase-SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable antagonism regulates the coordinated activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation in oral cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles: the "Trojan Horse" within breast cancer host microenvironments.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- AXL promotes inflammatory breast cancer progression by regulating immunosuppressive macrophage polarization.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Tumor microenvironment as niche constructed by cancer stem cells: Breaking the ecosystem to combat cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- PRR13 expression as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer: correlations with immune infiltration and clinical outcomes.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Targeting CSC-immune cell crosstalk to overcome chemoresistance and enhance immunotherapy efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer heterogeneity and plasticity · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer that displays profound cancer stem cell (CSC) and mesenchymal features that promote rapid metastasis. Another hallmark of IBC is high infiltration of M2 tumor-associated (immune-suppressing) macrophages. The molecular mechanism that drives these IBC phenotypes is not well understood. Using patient breast tumor specimens, breast cancer cell lines, and a patient-derived xenograft model of IBC, we demonstrate that IBC strongly expresses IL8 and growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) chemokines that activate STAT3, which promotes development of high levels of CSC-like cells and a mesenchymal phenotype. We also show that IBC expresses high levels of many monocyte recruitment and macrophage polarization factors that attract and differentiate monocytes into tumor-promoting, immune-suppressing M2-like macrophages. The M2 macrophages in turn were found to secrete high levels of IL8 and GRO chemokines, thereby creating a feed-forward chemokine loop that further drives an IBC epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our study uncovers an intricate IBC-initiated autocrine-paracrine signaling network between IBC cells and monocytes that facilitates development of this highly aggressive form of breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers a signaling network in which IBC cells commandeer macrophages to become tumor-promoting, and they in turn drive IBC cells to be more cancer stem-like, mesenchymal, and aggressive.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.