ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2019
Preterm birth and risk of chronic kidney disease from childhood into mid-adulthood: national cohort study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- High protein intake on later outcomes in preterm children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of preterm birth in Scandinavian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Pooled it
- Reporting and risk of bias of prediction models based on machine learning methods in preterm birth: A systematic review.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy who are at high risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Long-Term Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Cervical pessary to prevent preterm birth in asymptomatic high-risk women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Pooled it
- Preterm birth and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Pooled it
- From survival to surveillance: the long-term kidney legacy of preterm birth.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Young adults born moderately to extremely preterm have higher eGFR and cystatin C compared to young adults born at term.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Time to diagnosis of acute kidney injury and its predictors among outborn neonates in India: a competing-risk analysis of tele-ICU network data (2022-2024).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Beyond paediatric nephrology: gaps in care for young adults.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Article
- Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and offspring's kidney health.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Preterm birth disrupts nephron progenitor cell dynamics predisposing to renal disease.iScience · 2026Article
- Placental Pathophysiology and Developmental Programming of Adult Cardiometabolic Risk: A Narrative Review of Pregnancy Exposures.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- From Neonatal History to Adult Cardiovascular Risk: Preterm Birth as a Lifelong Risk Enhancer.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury-An Australian and New Zealand Perspective.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Review
- Association between triglyceride glucose index and spontaneous preterm birth: Evidence from a retrospective cohort study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Kidney health and blood pressure after very preterm birth: a cohort study at school age.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the relation between preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and risk of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood.
designNational cohort study.
settingSweden.
participants4 186 615 singleton live births in Sweden during 1973-2014. EXPOSURES: Gestational age at birth, identified from nationwide birth records in the Swedish birth registry.
main outcome measuresCKD, identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2015 (maximum age 43 years). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth and risk of CKD while adjusting for potential confounders, and co-sibling analyses assessed the influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors.
results4305 (0.1%) participants had a diagnosis of CKD during 87.0 million person years of follow-up. Preterm birth and extremely preterm birth (<28 weeks) were associated with nearly twofold and threefold risks of CKD, respectively, from birth into mid-adulthood (adjusted hazard ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.74 to 2.16; P<0.001; 3.01, 1.67 to 5.45; P<0.001). An increased risk was observed even among those born at early term (37-38 weeks) (1.30, 1.20 to 1.40; P<0.001). The association between preterm birth and CKD was strongest at ages 0-9 years (5.09, 4.11 to 6.31; P<0.001), then weakened but remained increased at ages 10-19 years (1.97, 1.57 to 2.49; P<0.001) and 20-43 years (1.34, 1.15 to 1.57; P<0.001). These associations affected both males and females and did not seem to be related to shared genetic or environmental factors in families.
conclusionsPreterm and early term birth are strong risk factors for the development of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood. People born prematurely need long term follow-up for monitoring and preventive actions to preserve renal function across the life course.
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