ArticlePLoS biology2019
Open science challenges, benefits and tips in early career and beyond.
Article in PLoS biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 167 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Self-navigating the "Island of Reil": a systematic review of real-time fMRI neurofeedback training of insula activity.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The efficacy of telemedicine interventions on quality of life and depression in individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Music in the loop: a systematic review of current neurofeedback methodologies using music.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Harnessing digital health interventions to address the heterogeneity of depression: a systematic review.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Pooled it
- Stress management interventions for university students in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of EEG neurofeedback combined with pharmacological treatment on the positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Human Decomposition and Time Since Death: Persistent Challenges and Future Directions of Postmortem Interval Estimation in Forensic Anthropology.American journal of biological anthropology · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of variance in tDCS effects on response inhibition.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Interpersonal neural synchrony and mental disorders: unlocking potential pathways for clinical interventions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Recommendations for robust and reproducible preclinical research in personalised medicine.BMC medicine · 2023Guideline
- Great Expectations: A Critical Review of and Suggestions for the Study of Reward Processing as a Cause and Predictor of Depression.Biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Ethical Principles, Constraints and Opportunities in Clinical Proteomics.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2021Pooled it
- The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback-A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Does neural face processing explain effects of an attachment-based intervention on maternal sensitivity? A randomized controlled study including pre- and postintervention measures.Brain and behavior · 2022Trial
- An Open-Source, Reproducible MRI Data Acquisition and Reconstruction Workflow Using Pulseq: Multi-Site and Cross-Vendor Validation.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Reproducibility in biomedical research.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Real-time closed-loop feedback system for mouse mesoscale cortical signal and movement control.eLife · 2026Article
- Beyond "Epidemiological Alchemy" in the Era of Open Data and Generative AI: Prepared Minds Still Matter.Journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Knowledge preservation in the era of big science and AI: strategies for sustainable scientific research.Nature communications · 2026Review
- NMAstudio 2.0: An interactive tool for network meta-analysis to enhance understanding, interpretation, and communication of the findings.Research synthesis methods · 2026Review
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The movement towards open science is a consequence of seemingly pervasive failures to replicate previous research. This transition comes with great benefits but also significant challenges that are likely to affect those who carry out the research, usually early career researchers (ECRs). Here, we describe key benefits, including reputational gains, increased chances of publication, and a broader increase in the reliability of research. The increased chances of publication are supported by exploratory analyses indicating null findings are substantially more likely to be published via open registered reports in comparison to more conventional methods. These benefits are balanced by challenges that we have encountered and that involve increased costs in terms of flexibility, time, and issues with the current incentive structure, all of which seem to affect ECRs acutely. Although there are major obstacles to the early adoption of open science, overall open science practices should benefit both the ECR and improve the quality of research. We review 3 benefits and 3 challenges and provide suggestions from the perspective of ECRs for moving towards open science practices, which we believe scientists and institutions at all levels would do well to consider.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.