ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
Detection of clinical and neurological signs in apparently asymptomatic HTLV-1 infected carriers: Association with high proviral load.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spontaneous lymphoproliferation differentiates two groups of HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers: with and without high cell proliferation and death.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- HTLV-1 infection in patients with neurological manifestations in Northeast Brazil.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Whole Blood Volume-Based Absolute Quantification of HTLV-1 Proviral Load: A Comparative Method Evaluation Study.Viruses · 2026Article
- Urine Metabolomics and Machine Learning Identify Metabolic Features and Potential Biomarkers of HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Multi-cohort cross-omics analysis reveals disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, a neglected retroviral neuroinflammatory disorder.Research square · 2025Article
- Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1.Viruses · 2024Review
- Cognitive Assessment in HTLV-1 Patients Followed Up at a Reference Center in Salvador, Brazil.Viruses · 2024Observational
- Peculiar transcriptional reprogramming with functional impairment of dendritic cells upon exposure to transformed HTLV-1-infected cells.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Neurological aspects of HTLV-1 infection: symptoms in apparently asymptomatic carriers.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Observational
- High HTLV-1 Proviral Load Predates and Predicts HTLV-1-Associated Disease: Literature Review and the London Experience.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM) Incidence in Asymptomatic Carriers and Intermediate Syndrome (IS) Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact and economic analysis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-targeted antenatal screening, England and Wales, 2021.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Incidence of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in the UK from 1991 to 2024: a longitudinal observational cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Novel approaches for HTLV-1 therapy: innovative applications of CRISPR-Cas9.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Review
- Article
- Patient research priority setting partnership in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Article
- Refining the risk of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in people living with HTLV-1: identification of a HAM-like phenotype in a proportion of asymptomatic carriers.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Oral health and quality of life of people living with human T-cell leukemia virus-1 in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional study.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Article
- Comparison between various biosensor methods for human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) detection.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies suggest that HTLV-1 infection may be associated with a wider spectrum of neurologic manifestations that do not meet diagnostic criteria for HAM/TSP. These conditions may later progress to HAM/TSP or constitute an intermediate clinical form, between asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers and those with full myelopathy. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of HTLV-1-associated disease in subjects without HAM/TSP, and the relationship between these findings with HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL).
methods175 HTLV-1-infected subjects were submitted to a careful neurological evaluation, during their regular follow up at the HTLV outpatient clinic of the Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas", São Paulo city, Brazil. Clinical evaluation and blinded standardized neurological screening were performed for all the subjects by the same neurologist (MH).
resultsAfter the neurological evaluation, 133 patients were classified as asymptomatic and 42 fulfilled the criteria for intermediate syndrome (IS). The mean age of the enrolled subjects was 46.3 years and 130 (74.3%) were females. Clinical classification shows that neurological symptoms (p<0.001), visual disorders (p = 0.001), oral conditions (p = 0.001), skin lesions (p<0.001), bladder disorders (p<0.001), and rheumatological symptoms (p = 0.001), were strongly associated to IS, except for disautonomy (p = 0.21). A multivariate analysis revealed that HTLV-1 proviral load, oral conditions, bladder disorders and rheumatological symptoms were independently associated with the IS.
conclusionsWe found some early alterations in 42 patients (24%), particularly the presence of previously not acknowledged clinical and neurological symptoms, among subjects previously classified as "asymptomatic", who we reclassified as having an intermediate syndrome.
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