ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2019
Impact assessment of India's Swachh Bharat Mission - Clean India Campaign on acute diarrheal disease outbreaks: Yes, there is a positive change.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends and burden of diarrhoeal diseases across India, 1990 - 2023: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2023.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Shifting epidemiology and disease severity: Rethinking India's hepatitis A strategy in the context of acute liver failure.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Linkages of drought and menstrual hygiene practices of adolescent girls and young women: an assessment of 707 districts in India.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Two Decades of Health Initiatives in India (2003-2023): A Bibliometric Analysis.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Review
- Progress in child nutrition outcomes: insights from India's recent experience.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards food safety amongst school children, food handlers and consumers: protocol for a pre-post longitudinal study in North East India.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Toilet construction under the Swachh Bharat Mission and infant mortality in India.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Neonatal, Infant, and Child Mortality in India: Progress and Future Directions.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2023Review
- Observational
- Seroprevalence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in patients at a teaching hospital of northern India over a period of 8 years.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Article
- Child Undernutrition following the Introduction of a Large-Scale Toilet Construction Campaign in India.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Observational
- Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) practices and morbidity status in a rural community: findings from a cross-sectional study in Odisha, India.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Safe drinking water and toilet facility in public places in India: What we need to do!Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- Slum Health: Arresting COVID-19 and Improving Well-Being in Urban Informal Settlements.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2020Article
- Assessing the Impact and Equity of an Integrated Rural Sanitation Approach: A Longitudinal Evaluation in 11 Sub-Saharan Africa and Asian Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Study on the perception of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and attitude towards cleanliness among the residents of urban Jodhpur.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2019Article
- Delivering High-Quality, Equitable Care in India: An Ethically-Resilient Framework for Healthcare Innovation After COVID-19.Frontiers in public healthArticle
- Equity and Quality of Health-care Access: Where Do We Stand and the Way Forward?Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
- Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with amoebic liver abscess.Tropical parasitologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEnough evidence exists to attribute the occurrence of diarrheal disease outbreaks due to open defecation practice and unsafe sanitation methods. Open defecation enables pathogens such as virus, bacteria, and protozoa to infect humans by means of fecal-oral transmission methods through contaminated fluids, water, and fomites. To curb the malefic effects of open defecation, the Indian government had initiated pro sanitation program namely Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in 2014. SBM became the world's largest toilet-building initiative. More than 95 million toilets have been built across rural and urban India since the launch of this mission. This articulation summarizes the trend analysis of acute diarrheal disease (ADD) outbreaks over a 9-year period with emphasis on changes due to the building of toilets under the clean India campaign.
methodsWeekly ADD outbreaks data from national-level Integrated Disease Surveillance Program between 2010 and 2018 were used for trend analysis along with the number of toilets constructed in rural areas under SBM from the year 2014.
resultsADD outbreaks were analyzed from 2010 to 2018. The number of ADD outbreaks per year during the past 2 years (i.e., 2017 and 2018) of SBM regime was lesser than in any year during the investigation period. Seasonal variations during the months of May, June, July, and August account for 55%-60% of ADD outbreaks in any of the years; but for 2018, the total outbreaks were 46%, which is significantly lower than that of regular range of outbreaks in the peak season.
conclusionThe recent pattern of ADD outbreaks exhibits a declining rate.
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