ReviewBreast cancer (Dove Medical Press)2019
Epidemiological characteristics of and risk factors for breast cancer in the world.
Review in Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 454 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Study of One Week Accelerated Hypo-fractionation Adjuvant Radiotherapy in High-risk Breast Cancer Patients
Usage Of Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Usg In Application of Pectoral Block In Mastectomies
Who cites it
454 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pathogenic variants inJournal of medicine and life · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for breast cancer recurrence in postmenopausal women: a bibliometric study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of Tai Chi and Baduanjin on breast cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Contraceptive use with breast cancer incidence in Indonesia.Breast disease · 2024Pooled it
- Association between XRCC2 Arg188His Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of simulation-based breast health education on breast cancer awareness and breast self-examination skills of Afghan refugee women: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Assessment of risk factors of breast cancer among women in Dodoma, Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional study.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2026Article
- No genome-wide correlations and little shared genetic architecture between reproductive life-history traits and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer risk.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The Increasing Importance of Breast Cancer in the United Arab Emirates.Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Age-Adjusted Phenome-Wide Analysis Identifies Liver Enzymes and Lipid Markers Associated with Prevalent Breast Cancer in the Qatar Biobank.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer Risk Factors Analysis in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Global Inequalities in Female Breast Cancer Burden by Decomposition and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis, 1990-2021.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- SIVA1 Knockdown Drives Aggressive Phenotypes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells while Enhancing Paclitaxel Efficacy.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Comprehensive scientific insights on plant inspired nano therapeutics as the missing piece of the breast cancer puzzle.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Factors influencing information overload among breast cancer patients in the information explosion era: a cross-sectional study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Determinants of Breast Cancer Screening Uptake Among Women in Northern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Health Beliefs and Health Literacy.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Radionuclide-based pharmaceuticals for breast cancer imaging: state of the art.EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2026Review
394 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women and one of the most important causes of death among them. This review aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer and to identify the risk factors for breast cancer in the world. MATERIALS AND
methodsA search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases without any time restrictions. The search keywords included the following terms: breast cancer, risk factors, incidence, and mortality and a combination of these terms. Studies published in English that referred to various aspects of breast cancer including epidemiology and risk factors were included in the study. Overall, 142 articles published in English were included in the study.
resultsBased on the published studies, the incidence rate of breast cancer varies greatly with race and ethnicity and is higher in developed countries. Results of this study show that mortality rate of breast cancer is higher in less developed regions. The findings of this study demonstrated that various risk factors including demographic, reproductive, hormonal, hereditary, breast related, and lifestyle contribute to the incidence of breast cancer.
conclusionThe results of this study indicated that incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer is rising, so design and implementation of screening programs and the control of risk factors seem essential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.