ArticleCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2019
A Prospective Study of Nut Consumption and Risk of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the U.S. Women and Men.
Article in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between food groups and liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Nutrition journal · 2023Pooled it
- Walnut consumption and health outcomes with public health relevance-a systematic review of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 2017 to present.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Total Nut, Tree Nut, Peanut, and Peanut Butter Consumption with Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The associations between dairy intake and chronic liver disease mortality and liver cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Quantitative screening of geranylgeranoic acid in selected plant-based foods using LC/MS/MS.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Healthful Plant-Based Dietary Pattern and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Multiethnic Population: A Cohort Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Walnut Constituents: Focus on Personalized Cancer Prevention and the Microbiome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Higher intake of whole grains and dietary fiber are associated with lower risk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Association of dietary fat intake and hepatocellular carcinoma among US adults.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- Food Environments and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Nuts and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Are Nuts Safe for Patients with Fatty Liver Disease?Nutrients · 2020Review
- Health Benefits of Nut Consumption in Middle-Aged and Elderly Population.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Nut and Peanut Butter Consumption and Mortality in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study.Nutrients · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although increasing evidence suggests a potential beneficial effect of nut consumption on various diseases, no epidemiologic study has yet examined the association between nut consumption and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We prospectively examined this association in 88,783 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 51,492 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Nut consumption was assessed every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable HRs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models after adjusting for HCC risk factors. After an average of 27.9 years of follow-up, we identified a total of 162 incident HCC cases. Higher total nut consumption was not significantly associated with HCC risk (the highest vs. lowest tertile intake, HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.56-1.26). For the same comparison, higher tree nut consumption was associated with a lower HCC risk (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.95). We found nonsignificant inverse associations with consumption of walnuts, peanuts, and peanut butter. Overall, nut consumption was not strongly associated with HCC risk. There was a suggestive inverse association with tree nut consumption. Future studies should carefully consider hepatitis B or C virus infections and examine these associations in other racial/ethnic groups.
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Registered trials
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