ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2019
Low-density granulocytes activate T cells and demonstrate a non-suppressive role in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Neutrophil Subset Immunophenotyping.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Low-density granulocyte-driven NET formation is associated with poor prognosis in IgA nephropathy with thrombotic microangiopathy.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Human immunosuppressive neutrophils: recent answers to old and new questions.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Plasma Elastase Screening in Hematological Disease Reveals Its Potential as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Hematological Malignancies.International journal of laboratory hematology · 2026Article
- Low-Density Granulocytes Link to Disease Activity, Organ Involvement, and Cytokine Production in Sjögren's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Reproducible Molecular Subtypes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Are Associated With Disease Activity, Serology, and Distinct Trajectories Over Time.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Article
- Article
- NETosis-Dependent Generation of Immunodeficient Low-Density Neutrophils Exacerbates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus-accelerated atherosclerosis: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in the study of low-density neutrophils in rheumatic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Biological roles and clinical translation of low-density neutrophils in rheumatic, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: paradigm reconstruction and unresolved questions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps and acute kidney injury: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cancer cells metastasize in several types of cancer via two distinct routes, probably based on mechanical signals.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Role of Neutrophils in Homeostasis and Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- X-linked transcriptome dysregulation across immune cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Neutrophil Heterogeneity Identifies an Association of LAMP1 With Proliferative Lupus Nephritis.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Neutrophils and NETs in kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Interaction of low-density neutrophils with other immune cells in the mechanism of inflammation.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Neutrophils in Type 1 Diabetes: Untangling the Intricate Web of Pathways and Hypothesis.Biomolecules · 2025Review
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe presence of proinflammatory low-density granulocytes (LDG) has been demonstrated in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Recently, regulatory neutrophilic polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) were identified in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Because LDG and PMN-MDSC share a similar phenotype with contrasting functional effects, we explored these cells in a cohort of patients with SLE.
methodsLDG and normal-density granulocytes (NDG) were isolated from fresh blood of healthy donors (HD) and patients with SLE. Associations between LDG and clinical manifestations were analysed. Multicolor flow cytometry and confocal imaging were performed to immunophenotype the cells. The ability of LDG and NDG to suppress T cell function and induce cytokine production was quantified.
resultsLDG prevalence was elevated in SLE versus HD, associated with the interferon (IFN) 21-gene signature and disease activity. Also, the LDG-to-lymphocyte ratio associated better with SLE disease activity index than neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. SLE LDG exhibited significantly heightened surface expression of various activation markers and also of lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, previously described to be associated with PMN-MDSC. Supernatants from SLE LDG did not restrict HD CD4
conclusionsBased on our results, SLE LDG display an activated phenotype, exert proinflammatory effects on T cells and do not exhibit MDSC function. These results support the concept that LDG represent a distinct proinflammatory subset in SLE with pathogenic potential, at least in part, through their ability to activate type 1 helper responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.