Observational studyEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2019
Estimating age-specific vaccine effectiveness using data from a large measles outbreak in Berlin, Germany, 2014/15: evidence for waning immunity.
Observational study in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measles vaccine effectiveness in African children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Vaccine-Preventable Infections in Childcare Workers.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of time since measles vaccination and age at first dose on measles vaccine effectiveness - A systematic review.Vaccine · 2020Pooled it
- Sustaining herd immunity against measles: Insights from a serological cohort study in an outbreak-free population.Infection · 2026Article
- Human neutralizing antibodies targeting the measles virus hemagglutinin and fusion surface proteins.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Serological Susceptibility to Measles Among International Students in South Korea After a Cluster of Cases: A Cross-Sectional Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- A Nationwide Seroprevalence Study for Measles in Individuals of Fertile Age in Romania.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evolving measles status and immunization policy development in six European countries.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Specifically Increased Rate of Infections in Children Post Measles in a High Resource Setting.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Sex-specific effects of aging on humoral immune responses to repeated influenza vaccination in older adults.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Ten years of weekly epidemiological teleconference (EpiLag) - an effective and time-efficient tool for infectious disease event information, Germany, 2009-2018.Epidemiology and infection · 2021Article
- Article
- Surprisingly Low Levels of Measles Immunity in Persons With HIV: A Seroprevalence Survey in a United States HIV Clinic.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Investigation and control of a measles outbreak at the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region International Airport, 2019.Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSARArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundMeasles elimination is based on 95% coverage with two doses of a measles-containing vaccine (MCV2), high vaccine effectiveness (VE) and life-long vaccine-induced immunity. Longitudinal analysis of antibody titres suggests existence of waning immunity, but the relevance at the population-level is unknown.AimWe sought to assess presence of waning immunity by estimating MCV2 VE in different age groups (2-5, 6-15, 16-23, 24-30 and 31-42 years) in Berlin.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review on vaccination coverage and applied the screening-method using data from a large measles outbreak (2014/15) in Berlin. Uncertainty in input variables was incorporated by Monte Carlo simulation. In a scenario analysis, we estimated the proportion vaccinated with MCV2 in those 31-42 years using VE of the youngest age group, where natural immunity was deemed negligible.ResultsOf 773 measles cases (median age: 20 years), 40 had received MCV2. Average vaccine coverage per age group varied (32%-88%). Estimated median VE was > 99% (95% credible interval (CrI): 98.6-100) in the three youngest age groups, but lower (90.9%, 95% CrI: 74.1-97.6) in the oldest age group. In the scenario analysis, the estimated proportion vaccinated was 98.8% (95% CrI: 96.5-99.8).ConclusionVE for MCV2 was generally high, but lower in those aged 31-42 years old. The estimated proportion with MCV2 should have led to sufficient herd immunity in those aged 31-42 years old. Thus, lower VE cannot be fully explained by natural immunity, suggesting presence of waning immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.