Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31039331›Full record

ArticleAnalytical biochemistry2019

CYP26A1 gene promoter is a useful tool for reporting RAR-mediated retinoid activity.

Reza Zolfaghari, Floyd J Mattie, Cheng-Hsin Wei, David R Chisholm, Andrew Whiting, A Catharine Ross

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical biochemistry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Retinoic Acid Informs the Positional Identity of Frontonasal Neural Crest Cells Through Alx Family of Transcription Factors.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. HDAC7 influences ER-⍺ transcription via NCoR-HDAC3 dissociation.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Reza ZolfaghariDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Electronic address: rxz7@psu.edu.
Floyd J MattieDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Cheng-Hsin WeiDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
David R ChisholmCentre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
Andrew WhitingCentre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
A Catharine RossDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Pennsylvania State University · USDurham University · GB

Funding

VITAMIN A NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND IMMUNE FUNCTIONR01DK041479 · NIDDK · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI ROSS, A. CATHARINE · 1989 to 2015
$4.0M
Vitamin A Supplementation and Retinol Metabolism in the Neonatal PeriodR01HD066982 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI ROSS, A. CATHARINE · 2010 to 2019
$2.9M
Retinoid Nutritional Status and Immune FunctionR56DK041479 · NIDDK · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI ROSS, A. CATHARINE · 2012 to 2012
$158k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD066982NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK041479NIDDK NIH HHS R56 DK041479
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Of numerous genes regulated by retinoic acid (RA), CYP26A1 is the most inducible gene by RA. In this study, we have used a shortened construct form, E4, of the CYP26A1 gene promoter, in a promoter-less vector with either luciferase or red fluorescent protein (RFP) as the reporter gene and have tested its responses to retinoids in transfected HepG2 and HEK293T cells. The promoter responded linearly to a wide concentration range of RA in cells cotransfected with retinoic acid receptors. It also responded quantitatively to retinol and other retinoids. An isolated clonal line of HEK293T cells permanently transfected with the promoter driving the expression of RFP responded to both RA and retinol, and the responses could be measured by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The promoter was used to assess the retinoid activity of 3 novel synthetic retinoid analogues, as well as of the intact serum samples of rats. Among the synthetic retinoid analogues tested, EC23 is more potent than RA at lower concentrations and was more stable than RA. The retinoid activities could be measured in control rat serum samples and were increased in the serum of RA-treated rats. This system offers a biologically-based alternative to mass-based retinoid analysis.

Indexed as

AnimalsFemaleGenes, ReporterHEK293 CellsHep G2 CellsHumansLuciferasesLuminescent ProteinsPromoter Regions, GeneticRatsReceptors, Retinoic AcidRed Fluorescent ProteinRetinoic Acid 4-HydroxylaseTretinoinCYP26A1 protein, humanLuciferasesLuminescent ProteinsReceptors, Retinoic AcidRed Fluorescent ProteinRetinoic Acid 4-HydroxylaseTretinoinCYP26A1 gene promoterLuciferase assayRed fluorescent proteinRetinoic acidRetinol

Identifiers

PMID31039331
PMCPMC6570419
OpenAlexW2941497263

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.