ArticleThe Journal of small animal practice2019
Spaying and urinary incontinence in bitches under UK primary veterinary care: a case-control study.
Article in The Journal of small animal practice, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developmental exposure to a human-relevant PCB mixture: impacts on PCB congeners, metabolites, and drug-metabolizing enzymes in the bladder of post-weaning mice.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Safety and dosing of testosterone for hormone restoration in neutered dogs.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- A Prospective Study Investigating the Health Outcomes of Bitches Neutered Prepubertally or Post-Pubertally.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Owner-Reported Health Events in Australian Farm Working Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Progesterone-Related Diabetes Mellitus in the Bitch: Current Knowledge, the Role of Pyometra, and Relevance in Practice.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Demography, common disorders and mortality of Shih Tzu dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK.Canine medicine and genetics · 2024Article
- Effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on health in the female dog-a scoping review.PloS one · 2024Article
- An international survey on canine urinary incontinence: case frequency, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence of commonly diagnosed disorders in UK dogs under primary veterinary care: results and applications.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Unravelling the health status of brachycephalic dogs in the UK using multivariable analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Associations between neutering and early-onset urinary incontinence in UK bitches under primary veterinary care.The Journal of small animal practice · 2019Article
- The relationship between urethral sphincter mechanism incompetency and lower back pain: Positing a novel treatment for urinary incontinence in dogs.Open veterinary journalArticle
- ACVIM consensus statement on diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate associations between spaying and urinary incontinence in bitches under primary veterinary care in the UK. MATERIALS AND
methodsA case-control study was nested within the study population of 333,910 bitches, which included all bitches within the VetCompass database with an electronic patient record in 2016 or in both 2015 and 2017. The electronic records were searched automatically for urinary incontinence cases, which were manually reviewed for inclusion. All non-cases were included as controls. Additional demographic and clinical information was extracted on cases and controls.
resultsThe study included 427 incident cases and 1708 controls that were presented between November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2017. Prior spaying was associated with increased odds of urinary incontinence (odds ratio: 3.01; 95% CIs: 2.23 to 4.05). Increased odds of urinary incontinence were additionally associated with increasing age and increasing bodyweight. Age at spay was not associated with urinary incontinence. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The findings support spaying as a major risk factor associated with urinary incontinence, but age at spay appears to be of less clinical importance. These results will help assist clinicians in making evidence-based recommendations on spaying while taking other considerations for urinary incontinence into account.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.