ArticleThe EMBO journal2019
3D model for CAR-mediated cytotoxicity using patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 222 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
222 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 329 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on the culture methods and applications of 3D tumoroids for cancer research and personalized medicine.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Pooled it
- Organoid Models of Colorectal Pathology: Do They Hold the Key to Personalized Medicine? A Systematic Review.Diseases of the colon and rectum · 2020Pooled it
- Review
- Bladder cancer organoids: bridging pathological features and drug response for precision oncology.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Microenvironmental Obstacles and Translational 3D Models.Biology · 2026Review
- New developments and applications of human organoids.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- A review of organoid-immune co-culture platforms to model the immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma and guide immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Organoids in cancer therapy: translational applications and clinical promise.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Correlation between recognition of autologous tumor organoids by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from metastatic epithelial cancers and clinical response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Tumor Organoid and Microenvironment Cocultures: Implications for Basic and Translational Cancer Research.MedComm · 2026Review
- Harnessing Tumor Organoids to Revolutionize Immunotherapy Research.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- High-Content SRS Imaging Unveils Altered Cholesterol Metabolism in Ovarian Cancers Under CAR-T Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A 3D multi-compartment assembloid to study combined immune cell infiltration and cytotoxicity.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Methods and applications of patient-derived organoid models for immune microenvironment and immunotherapy research in multiple cancer types.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Imaging the fate of CAR-T cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cytokine preactivation and ADCC: a potent strategy for enhancing human NK cell effector functions against 3D tumor models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Plying potency assays for immunotherapy of solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor organoid-immune cell co-culture systems for precision oncology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Organoid models: reshaping the paradigm for precision development and evaluation of CAR-T cell therapies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
162 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered lymphocytes has shown impressive results in leukemia. However, for solid tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC), new preclinical models are needed that allow to test CAR-mediated cytotoxicity in a tissue-like environment. Here, we developed a platform to study CAR cell cytotoxicity against 3-dimensional (3D) patient-derived colon organoids. Luciferase-based measurement served as a quantitative read-out for target cell viability. Additionally, we set up a confocal live imaging protocol to monitor effector cell recruitment and cytolytic activity at a single organoid level. As proof of principle, we demonstrated efficient targeting in diverse organoid models using CAR-engineered NK-92 cells directed toward a ubiquitous epithelial antigen (EPCAM). Tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity was studied with CAR-NK-92 cells targeting organoids expressing EGFRvIII, a neoantigen found in several cancers. Finally, we tested a novel CAR strategy targeting FRIZZLED receptors that show increased expression in a subgroup of CRC tumors. Here, comparative killing assays with normal organoids failed to show tumor-specific activity. Taken together, we report a sensitive
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.