ArticleThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2019
Tracking spending on malaria by source in 106 countries, 2000-16: an economic modelling study.
Article in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- The economic burden of malaria: a systematic review.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Randomized trials of housing interventions to prevent malaria and Aedes-transmitted diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Advances in mosquito-borne disease surveillance using machine learning.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Malaria: a review on its current epidemiological status and management strategies.Malaria journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Economic burden of malaria on developing countries: A mini review.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2025Review
- Development of a new wealth index for South Sudan: association between household wealth and malaria prevention practices in the context of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, South Sudan.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal patterns and climate-induced macroeconomic burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Health Status in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Network Meta-Analysis.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Who benefits from the donor-supported malaria programme in Enugu State, Nigeria? A benefit incidence analysis.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Examining malaria treatment and prevention spending efficiency in malaria-endemic countries, 2000-2020.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Effects of climate change and human activities on vector-borne diseases.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Modeling resource allocation strategies for insecticide-treated bed nets to achieve malaria eradication.eLife · 2024Article
- The economic cost of malaria in Brazil from the perspective of the public health system.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- China's hidden role in malaria control and elimination in Africa.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- The Promise and Challenge of Genetic Biocontrol Approaches for Malaria Elimination.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Requirements for market entry of gene drive-modified mosquitoes for control of vector-borne diseases: analogies to other biologic and biotechnology products.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Assessing the knowledge and practices of primary healthcare workers on malaria diagnosis and related challenges in view of COVID-19 outbreak in a Nigerian Southwestern metropolis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Millions of excess cases and thousands of excess deaths of malaria occurred globally in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Malaria and Covid-19 in Febrile Patients in Lomé, Togo in 2020.Acta parasitologica · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSustaining achievements in malaria control and making progress toward malaria elimination requires coordinated funding. We estimated domestic malaria spending by source in 106 countries that were malaria-endemic in 2000-16 or became malaria-free after 2000.
methodsWe collected 36 038 datapoints reporting government, out-of-pocket (OOP), and prepaid private malaria spending, as well as malaria treatment-seeking, costs of patient care, and drug prices. We estimated government spending on patient care for malaria, which was added to government spending by national malaria control programmes. For OOP malaria spending, we used data reported in National Health Accounts and estimated OOP spending on treatment. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression was used to ensure estimates were complete and comparable across time and to generate uncertainty.
findingsIn 2016, US$4·3 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 4·2-4·4) was spent on malaria worldwide, an 8·5% (95% UI 8·1-8·9) per year increase over spending in 2000. Since 2000, OOP spending increased 3·8% (3·3-4·2) per year, amounting to $556 million (487-634) or 13·0% (11·6-14·5) of all malaria spending in 2016. Governments spent $1·2 billion (1·1-1·3) or 28·2% (27·1-29·3) of all malaria spending in 2016, increasing 4·0% annually since 2000. The source of malaria spending varied depending on whether countries were in the malaria control or elimination stage.
interpretationTracking global malaria spending provides insight into how far the world is from reaching the malaria funding target of $6·6 billion annually by 2020. Because most countries with a high burden of malaria are low income or lower-middle income, mobilising additional government resources for malaria might be challenging.
fundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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