ArticleBMC public health2019
Outcomes of empiric treatment for pediatric tuberculosis, Kampala, Uganda, 2010-2015.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Development of treatment-decision algorithms for children evaluated for pulmonary tuberculosis: an individual participant data meta-analysis.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2023Pooled it
- Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome and Predictors in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Regional trends in childhood tuberculosis case notification and treatment outcomes: Tanzania, 2018-2023.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Pediatric drug-sensitive tuberculosis treatment regimen profiles and treatment outcomes in mainland China, 2017-2022: a multi-center study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- A mixed methods evaluation of 99DOTS digital adherence technology uptake among adolescents treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda.SSM - health systems · 2025Article
- Trends and determinants of unfavourable outcomes in paediatric tuberculosis: insights from a 20-year cohort in Cameroon.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of treatment outcomes and associated risk factors in children with TB in Bangladesh.Public health action · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis treatment success rate and its predictors among TB HIV co-infected patients in East and North Eastern Uganda.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A mixed methods evaluation of 99DOTS digital adherence technology uptake among adolescents treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Predictors of mortality in Ugandan children with TB, 2016-2021.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2023Article
- Two Clinical Prediction Tools to Inform Rapid Tuberculosis Treatment Decision-making in Children.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Barriers to childhood tuberculosis case detection and management in Cambodia: the perspectives of healthcare providers and caregivers.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Growth and anemia among children with tuberculosis infection at different sites in Southwest China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Social Determinants of Adherence to Treatment for Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Narrative Review.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2022Review
- High burden of childhood tuberculosis in migrants: a retrospective cohort study from the Thailand-Myanmar border.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Tuberculosis in children with severe acute malnutrition.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2022Review
- Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis and Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Treatment Outcomes in the Centre Region of Cameroon: A Three-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnoses often lack microbiologic confirmation and require empiric treatment. Barriers to empiric treatment include concern for poor outcomes and adverse effects. We thus determined the outcomes of empiric TB treatment from a retrospective cohort of children at a national referral hospital in Kampala, Uganda from 2010 to 2015.
methodsChildren were diagnosed clinically and followed through treatment. Demographics, clinical data, outcome and any adverse events were extracted from patient charts. A favorable outcome was defined as a child completing treatment with clinical improvement. We performed logistic regression to assess factors associated with loss to follow up and death.
resultsOf 516 children, median age was 36 months (IQR 15-73), 55% (95% CI 51-60%) were male, and HIV prevalence was 6% (95% CI 4-9%). The majority (n = 422, 82, 95% CI 78-85%) had a favorable outcome, with no adverse events that required treatment discontinuation. The most common unfavorable outcomes were loss to follow-up (57/94, 61%) and death (35/94, 37%; overall mortality 7%). In regression analysis, loss to follow up was associated with age 10-14 years (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.15-4.93, p = 0.02), HIV positivity (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.41-7.92, p = 0.01), hospitalization (OR 4.14, 95% CI 2.08-8.25, p < 0.001), and living outside of Kampala (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.47-4.71, p = 0.001). Death was associated with hospitalization (OR 4.57, 95% CI 2.0-10.46, p < 0.001), severe malnutrition (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.07-8.27, p = 0.04), baseline hepatomegaly (OR 4.11, 95% CI 2.09-8.09, p < 0.001), and living outside of Kampala (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.17-4.96, p = 0.02).
conclusionsEmpiric treatment of child TB was effective and safe, but treatment success remained below the 90% target. Addressing co-morbidities and improving retention in care may reduce unfavorable outcomes.
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