ReviewToxins2019
The Mechanisms of Social Immunity Against Fungal Infections in Eusocial Insects.
Review in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- A new narrative for social immunity research in termites.Trends open · 2026Review
- Viral influence on chemical communication in eusocial insects: insights and emerging research priorities.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2026Review
- Secretions of the Frontal Gland of a Nasute Termite Soldier: The Role in the Defense against an Entomopathogenic Fungi.Journal of chemical ecology · 2025Article
- An odorant-binding protein functions in fire ant social immunity interfacing with innate immunity.Open biology · 2025Article
- Cross-talk between immunity and behavior: insights from entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Defensive behavior is linked to altered surface chemistry following infection in a termite society.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Toll and IMD Immune Pathways Are Important Antifungal Defense Components in a Pupal Parasitoid,International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Dynamic pathogen detection and social feedback shape collective hygiene in ants.Nature communications · 2023Article
- An odorant binding protein is involved in counteracting detection-avoidance and Toll-pathway innate immunity.Journal of advanced research · 2023Article
- Identification of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) based on TMT-labeled LC-MS/MS and machine learning.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Adaptations of Pseudoxylaria towards a comb-associated lifestyle in fungus-farming termite colonies.The ISME journal · 2023Article
- The effect of ergosterol on the allogrooming behavior of termites in response to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae.Insect science · 2023Article
- Immune Stimulation via Wounding Alters Chemical Profiles of Adult Tribolium castaneum.Journal of chemical ecology · 2023Article
- Same-sex Pairs Retain Their Reproductive Capacity as a Potential Opportunity for Individual Reproductive Success in Termites.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2023Article
- Effect of Probiotics onInsects · 2022Article
- Virus Prevalence in Egg Samples Collected from Naturally Selected and Traditionally Managed Honey Bee Colonies across Europe.Viruses · 2022Article
- Short and long-term costs of inbreeding in the lifelong-partnership in a termite.Communications biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungus as well as their toxins is a natural threat surrounding social insect colonies. To defend against them, social insects have evolved a series of unique disease defenses at the colony level, which consists of behavioral and physiological adaptations. These colony-level defenses can reduce the infection and poisoning risk and improve the survival of societal members, and is known as social immunity. In this review, we discuss how social immunity enables the insect colony to avoid, resist and tolerate fungal pathogens. To understand the molecular basis of social immunity, we highlight several genetic elements and biochemical factors that drive the colony-level defense, which needs further verification. We discuss the chemosensory genes in regulating social behaviors, the antifungal secretions such as some insect venoms in external defense and the immune priming in internal defense. To conclude, we show the possible driving force of the fungal toxins for the evolution of social immunity. Throughout the review, we propose several questions involved in social immunity extended from some phenomena that have been reported. We hope our review about social 'host-fungal pathogen' interactions will help us further understand the mechanism of social immunity in eusocial insects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.