ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2019
Tuberculosis as a Risk Factor for 1918 Influenza Pandemic Outcomes.
Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between socioeconomic status and pandemic influenza: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Review
- Pandemic Patterns: The Long-Term Health Outcomes of 1918 Influenza Survivors in the St. John's General Hospital of Newfoundland and Labrador.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Body Size and Risk of Death During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Assessing the 1918/19 Pandemic Influenza and Respiratory Tuberculosis Interaction in Malta: Operationalizing a Syndemic During a Crisis Event.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Frailty and survival in the 1918 influenza pandemic.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Differences in hospitalizations associated with severe COVID-19 disease among foreign- and Swedish-born.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Unequal excess mortality during the Spanish Flu pandemic in the Netherlands.Economics and human biology · 2022Article
- Extreme Overcrowding and Extreme Lethality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Race and 1918 Influenza Pandemic in the United States: A Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) mortality declined after the 1918 pandemic, suggesting that influenza killed those who would have died from TB. Few studies have analyzed TB as a direct risk factor for 1918 influenza morbidity and mortality by age and sex. We study the impacts of TB on influenza-like illness (% of population sick) and case fatality (% of cases dying) by age and sex through case-control comparisons of patients (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.