Observational studyPloS one2019
Evaluation of antibiotic dispensing practice in community pharmacies in Jordan: A cross sectional study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Non-prescription antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies in jordan: a simulated patient study.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2026Article
- Public knowledge and misconceptions regarding antibiotic use and resistance in Jordan: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Factors Influencing Antibiotic Prescribing and Antibiotic Resistance Awareness Among Primary Care Physicians in Poland.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Barriers and determinants of over-the-counter antibiotic sales de-escalation: perspectives of community pharmacists in Aseer, Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Confronting antimicrobial resistance in Jordan: regulatory, economic, and behavioral determinants of non-prescription antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies-a mixed-methods study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Knowledge and barriers among Lebanese community pharmacists in pediatric antibiotic dosing: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Pharmacies and use of antibiotics: a cross sectional study in 19 Arab countries.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Antibiotic Dispensing amongst Pharmacists in Trinidad and Tobago: Exploring a Novel Dichotomy of Antibiotic Laws.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Determinants of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Veterinary Drug Dispensers toward Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Main Cities of Malawi: A Concern on Antibiotic Stewardship.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Overuse of medications in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- Barriers to rational antibiotic prescription in Iran: a descriptive qualitative study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Article
- Prevalence and predictors of non-adherence to short-term antibiotics: A population-based survey.PloS one · 2022Article
- Microbiological Profile and Drug Resistance Analysis of Postoperative Infections following Orthopedic Surgery: A 5-Year Retrospective Review.Advances in orthopedics · 2022Article
- Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacy Professionals Against Dispensing Antibiotics Without Prescription in Ethiopia.Integrated pharmacy research & practice · 2022Article
- Prevalence and predictors of self-medication drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19: Experience from a Middle Eastern country.International journal of clinical practice · 2021Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic use and resistance among community pharmacists: a cross sectional study in Jordan.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2021Article
- Trends in Antibiotic Self-Medication for Dental Pathologies among Patients in the Dominican Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Community pharmacists' management of self-limiting infections: a simulation study in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria.African health sciences · 2021Article
- Why do people purchase antibiotics over-the-counter? A qualitative study with patients, clinicians and dispensers in central, eastern and western Nepal.BMJ global health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well known that the emergence of antibiotic resistance is linked to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Misuse includes self-medication and the inappropriate use of antibiotics because of improper dosage or improper duration than recommended. This study investigated three patterns of dispensing antibiotics in a sample of community pharmacies in Jordan. This included dispensing antibiotics by prescription or over-the-counter either by direct request or upon a pharmacist's recommendation. The antibiotics dispensed were evaluated in terms of indication, appropriateness of dose, and duration of treatment based on the empirical treatment suggested by selected references: Lexicomp (2017) and UptoDate (2017) and the manufacturer's recommendations. Of the 457 antibiotics dispensed, almost one third were without prescription. Of the antibiotics dispensed with prescription or without prescription, 31.5% and 24.6% respectively were appropriate dosage and duration (p = 0.002). In the three patterns of dispensing, beta lactam antibiotics were the most commonly dispensed. In addition, it was noticed that there was a tendency to prescribe or dispense higher generations of antibiotics to cases that could have been treated with lower generation or safer antibiotics. Furthermore, 12.2% of the antibiotics were dispensed to treat infections that are not indicated for them. In conclusion, a significant proportion of antibiotics are dispensed without prescription in Jordan. Moreover, a considerable proportion of prescribed antibiotics were inappropriate for the conditions concerned. This indicates the importance of enforcing the Jordanian regulations prohibiting the dispensing of nonprescription antibiotics and the implementation of continuous education to physicians and pharmacists to increase awareness about the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
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