ArticlePloS one2019
EQ-5D-5L population norms and health inequalities for Trinidad and Tobago.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- EQ-5D-5L population norms for Singapore: a household survey-based analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Population norms for the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in Peninsular Malaysia.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Population norms for the EQ-5D-5L for Hungary: comparison of online surveys and computer assisted personal interviews.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Article
- EQ-5D-5L population norms and health inequality for Trinidad and Tobago in 2022-2023 and comparison with 2012.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2024Article
- EQ‑5D‑Y-3L population norms for children and adolescents in Jiangsu, China.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2024Article
- The EQ-5D-5L valuation study for Trinidad and Tobago.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2024Article
- EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L population norms for Thailand.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Canada population norms for the EQ-5D-5L.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2024Article
- Normative profile of the EQ-5D-5L dimensions, EQ-5D-5L index and EQ-VAS scores for the general Thai population.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- EQ-5D-5L Population Norms for Italy.Applied health economics and health policy · 2023Article
- Evaluating Health Inequality in Five Caribbean Basin Countries Using EQ-5D-5L.Applied health economics and health policy · 2022Article
- The impact of chronic disease and accompanying bio-psycho-social factors on health-related quality of life.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Population Norms for SF-6Dv2 and EQ-5D-5L in China.Applied health economics and health policy · 2022Article
- Inequality and heterogeneity in health-related quality of life: findings based on a large sample of cross-sectional EQ-5D-5L data from the Swedish general population.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2022Article
- Reference data among general population and known-groups validity among hypertensive population of the EQ-5D-5L in Vietnam.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Socio-demographic indicators of self-reported health based on EQ-5D-3L: A cross-country analysis of population surveys from 18 countries.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
The EQ-5D instrument is now used in many health systems as a health outcomes measure. Recently an EQ-5D valuation study was conducted for Trinidad and Tobago, but thus far there have been no population norms published for Trinidad and Tobago or for any Caribbean country. The objective of this study is to provide a set of population norms, and to investigate inequalities in health in Trinidad and Tobago. The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was included in the 2012/2013 Adult Population Survey of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for Trinidad and Tobago. This survey covered a representative sample of 2,036 adults aged 18 and over. Demographic data and self-reported health using EQ-5D-5L were collected. The Trinidad and Tobago value set was used to obtain EQ-5D index values. The Kakwani index and logistic regression models were used to evaluate inequalities in health. Mean EQ-5D index values and EQ-VAS values were calculated by age group, ethnicity, gender, income, educational attainment, employment status and place of residence. The 10 most commonly observed EQ-5D-5L states accounted for 90% of the respondents. The mean VAS value for the sample was 83.6 and the mean EQ-5D-5L index value was 0.95. Pain/discomfort was found to be the EQ-5D dimension with the highest prevalence of reported problems with 22% of the population reporting pain at any level. Self-care was the dimension with the lowest prevalence of problems reported at any level (3%). Health declines with increasing age, and men reported fewer problems and higher levels of self-reported health than women. Age, gender and education level were found to be important drivers of health status as measured by the EQ-5D instrument. Being in a very low income group was also observed to affect EQ-VAS values among younger respondents. The population norms provided in this study can be used by clinicians, academics and policy makers in several ways. They can be used in comparing different demographic groups or patient groups, or as a basis for tracking the progress of patients through a treatment regimen. They can also provide a baseline for cost utility analysis of health interventions for Trinidad and Tobago.
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