ArticleeLife2019
A generalized theory of age-dependent carcinogenesis.
Article in eLife, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Mitochondrial bioenergetics in resilience of older adults with gynecologic cancer: design and rationale of a pilot study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Hematopoietic (stem) cells-The elixir of life?FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Of Barriers and Loops-How Evolution Limits Most Cancer Risks to Older Ages.Cancer discovery · 2026Review
- The association between phenotypic age acceleration and the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality among cancer survivors: NHANES 1999-2018.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Insights into tumor vaccines for elderly individuals in the context of immunosenescence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Oxygen, angiogenesis, cancer and immune interplay in breast tumour microenvironment: a computational investigation.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- The evolutionary theory of cancer: challenges and potential solutions.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Onco-Ontogeny of Squamous Cell Cancer of the First Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A modelling framework for cancer ecology and evolution.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- The impact of the senescent microenvironment on tumorigenesis: Insights for cancer therapy.Aging cell · 2024Review
- A Poisson distribution-based general model of cancer rates and a cancer risk-dependent theory of aging.Aging · 2023Article
- Senescence-induced immune remodeling facilitates metastatic adrenal cancer in a sex-dimorphic manner.Nature aging · 2023Article
- Toxicology of pharmaceutical and nutritional longevity compounds.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Age and Cancer Incidence in 5.2 Million People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): The South African HIV Cancer Match Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Multi-Stage Model of Carcinogenesis (MMC), developed in the 1950 s-70s, postulated carcinogenesis as a Darwinian somatic selection process. The cellular organization of tissues was then poorly understood, with almost nothing known about cancer drivers and stem cells. The MMC paradigm was later confirmed, and cancer incidence was explained as a function of mutation occurrence. However, the MMC has never been tested for its ability to account for the discrepancies in the number of driver mutations and the organization of the stem cell compartments underlying different cancers that still demonstrate nearly universal age-dependent incidence patterns. Here we demonstrate by Monte Carlo modeling the impact of key somatic evolutionary parameters on the MMC performance, revealing that two additional major mechanisms, aging-dependent somatic selection and life history-dependent evolution of species-specific tumor suppressor mechanisms, need to be incorporated into the MMC to make it capable of generalizing cancer incidence across tissues and species. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.