Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31033312›Full record

ArticleJournal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition2019

Resurgence in humans: Reducing relapse by increasing generalization between treatment and testing.

Eric A Thrailkill, Wesley C Ameden, Mark E Bouton

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Reducing renewal with context fading during differential reinforcement procedures.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Goal-direction and habit in human and nonhuman behavioral sequences (behavior chains).Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Eric A ThrailkillDepartment of Psychological Science.ORCID 0000-0003-2725-5428
Wesley C AmedenDepartment of Psychological Science.
Mark E BoutonDepartment of Psychological Science.ORCID 0000-0001-6601-2977
University of Vermont · US

Funding

Extinction and Recovery in Associative LearningR01DA033123 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI BOUTON, MARK E · 2012 to 2021
$3.6M
Training in Translational Methods for Assessing Behavior Change and Relapse MechanismsK01DA044456 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI THRAILKILL, ERIC ALLEN · 2018 to 2022
$621k
NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA044456NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA033123NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Resurgence is the increase in performance of an extinguished instrumental (operant) response that accompanies the extinction of a response that has been reinforced to replace it. Resurgence may involve processes that are relevant for understanding relapse in applied and clinical settings. While resurgence is known to be a robust phenomenon in human operant extinction, the processes that control it remain unclear. Here we asked whether human resurgence is controlled by processes that are similar to those that have been identified in animals by asking whether two methods that reduce resurgence in animals also reduce it in humans. Participants first learned to make an operant response (R1) for a tangible food reinforcer (O1). In a second phase (Phase 2), R1 was extinguished while a second response (R2) was introduced and reinforced with a virtual monetary reward (USD $0.10 coins; O2). In a test phase, extinction was then introduced for R2 and resurgence of R1 was assessed. In Experiment 1, resurgence that occurred after the treatment just described was attenuated if there had been periodic exposure to R2 extinction during the treatment phase (Phase 2). In Experiment 2, resurgence was prevented when O2, but not O1, was presented noncontingently during the test. The results are among the first to suggest a mechanism underlying resurgence in humans, namely, renewal caused by contextual change. They also provide initial evidence to suggest that resurgence may be the result of common processes in animals and humans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Reinforcement, PsychologyAdolescentAdultConditioning, OperantExtinction, PsychologicalFemaleGeneralization, PsychologicalHumansMaleRewardYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID31033312
PMCPMC6724707
OpenAlexW2943015842

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.