Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31033166›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2019

The Science of Salt: Updating the evidence on global estimates of salt intake.

Sudhir Raj Thout, Joseph Alvin Santos, Briar McKenzie, Kathy Trieu, Claire Johnson, Rachael McLean, JoAnne Arcand, Norman R C Campbell, Jacqui Webster

Abstract readComparative StudyReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  13. Voluntary salt-reduction target setting by large food companies: a scoping review and questionnaire survey.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
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2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sudhir Raj ThoutThe George Institute for Global Health India, ANR Center, Hyderabad, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0383-4206
Joseph Alvin SantosThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Briar McKenzieThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6972-6617
Kathy TrieuThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1848-2741
Claire JohnsonThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1497-7651
Rachael McLeanDepartment of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-0005-328X
JoAnne ArcandFaculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1995-6905
Norman R C CampbellDepartment of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology and Community Health Sciences, O'Brien Institute for Public Health and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1093-4742
Jacqui WebsterThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 study estimated national salt intake for 187 countries based on data available up to 2010. The purpose of this review was to identify studies that have measured salt intake in a nationally representative population using the 24-hour urine collection method since 2010, with a view to updating evidence on population salt intake globally. Studies published from January 2011 to September 2018 were searched for from MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases using relevant terms. Studies that provided nationally representative estimates of salt intake among the healthy adult population based on the 24-hour urine collection were included. Measured salt intake was extracted and compared with the GBD estimates. Of the 115 identified studies assessed for eligibility, 13 studies were included: Four studies were from Europe, and one each from the United States, Canada, Benin, India, Samoa, Fiji, Barbados, Australia, and New Zealand. Mean daily salt intake ranged from 6.75 g/d in Barbados to 10.66 g/d in Portugal. Measured mean population salt intake in Italy, England, Canada, and Barbados was lower, and in Fiji, Samoa, and Benin was higher, in recent surveys compared to the GBD 2010 estimates. Despite global targets to reduce population salt intake, only 13 countries have published nationally representative salt intake data since the GBD 2010 study. In all countries, salt intake levels remain higher than the World Health Organization's recommendation, highlighting the need for additional global efforts to lower salt intake and monitor salt reduction strategies.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overAustraliaBarbadosBeninCanadaEuropeFeeding BehaviorFemaleFijiGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansHypertensionIndiaMaleSodium Chloride, Dietaryevidenceglobal burden of diseaseglobal targetssalt intake estimatessodium

Identifiers

PMID31033166
PMCPMC8030574

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.