ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
The Cerebrospinal Fluid in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of NLRP3 Pathway, Immune Dysregulation, and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Pooled it
- Dynamics of Spinal Fluid Immune Cell Alterations Following Cladribine Tablet Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Exploring the Type 4 Cerebrospinal Fluid Oligoclonal Band Pattern: Clinical and Paraclinical Features with Diagnostic Implications.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Multiplex Detection of Immunoglobulins Uncovers Intrathecal IgA Elevation in Multiple Sclerosis.Cells · 2026Article
- CSF Proteins Associated With Neuroaxonal Damage in Early Active Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Complement C4d Informs the Differential Diagnosis of Inflammatory Demyelinating CNS Diseases.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Intrathecal IgG synthesis as a biomarker for CNS involvement in anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome: a case report and hypothesis-generating treatment framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neurovascular dysfunction in the development and progression of neuroinflammatory diseases.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Predictors for identifying autoimmune encephalitis in pediatric patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegeneration: Strategies for Restoring Cellular Homeostasis.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- A machine learning model for predicting oligoclonal band positivity using routine cerebrospinal fluid and serum biochemical markers.American journal of clinical pathology · 2025Article
- The Value of Oligoclonal Bands in Multiple Sclerosis Compared to Other Neurological Disorders: A Retrospective Data Analysis From an Austrian Tertiary Center.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Optimized Kappa-Index Test Protocol to Detect Intrathecal Immunoglobulin Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Clinical Experience With Biologic Disease-Modifying Therapy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- KFLC to Total CSF Protein Ratio Is an Alternative to KFLC Index to Diagnose Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study of 814 Cases.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Real-World Laboratory Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis Centers in Central-Eastern European Countries Covering 107 Million Inhabitants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- CSF Markers of TG6 Autoimmunity in Gluten Ataxia.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2025Observational
- IgG Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Deciphering Their Puzzling Protein A Connection.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Potential of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Improving Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Review and Discussion of Mechanisms of Action.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-up.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnostic work-up in suspected multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has regained attention in the latest version of the diagnostic criteria due to its good diagnostic accuracy and increasing issues with misdiagnosis of MS based on over interpretation of neuroimaging results. The hallmark of MS-specific changes in CSF is the detection of oligoclonal bands (OCB) which occur in the vast majority of MS patients. Lack of OCB has a very high negative predictive value indicating a red flag during the diagnostic work-up, and alternative diagnoses should be considered in such patients. Additional molecules of CSF can help to support the diagnosis of MS, improve the differential diagnosis of MS subtypes and predict the course of the disease, thus selecting the optimal therapy for each patient.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.