ArticleAnesthesia, essays and researches
Effect of Fentanyl and Nalbuphine for Prevention of Etomidate-Induced Myoclonus.
Article in Anesthesia, essays and researches. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the Effectiveness of Various Drug Interventions to Prevent Etomidate-Induced Myoclonus: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Oliceridine Pretreatment on Etomidate-Induced Myoclonus: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Investigating the effect of ondansetron in reducing myoclonic movements caused by intravenous administration of etomidate.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Effect of Pretreatment with a Small Dose of Esketamine on Myoclonus Induced by Etomidate: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Pretreatment with Esketamine Reduces Etomidate-Induced Myoclonus During the Induction of Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2024Article
- Comparing intensity of pain due to intravenous injection of sodium thiopental, propofol, diazepam, and etomidate during induction of general anesthesia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Comparison Between Intravenous Nalbuphine and Lidocaine in Reducing Propofol-Induced Injection Pain During Gastroscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pain and therapy · 2020Article
- Etomidate versus Propofol for Motor Seizure Duration during Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy.Anesthesia, essays and researchesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEtomidate is a potent intravenous inducing agent with known undesirable side effects such as myoclonus and pain on injection in nonpremedicated patients.
aimsThe aim of this study is to compare the effect of fentanyl and nalbuphine in the prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus. SETTINGS AND
designRandomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, and prospective comparative study. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 120 patients were randomly allocated to one of the three groups containing 40 patients each for intravenous administration of fentanyl 2 μg/kg diluted in 10 mL normal saline (NS) (Group 1), nalbuphine 0.3 mg/kg diluted in 10 mL NS (Group 2), and only 10 mL NS (Group 3) over 10 min. All groups subsequently received 0.3 mg/kg etomidate by intravenous bolus injection over 15-20 s and were assessed for the severity of pain using Grade IV pain scale and observed for myoclonus for 2 min and graded according to clinical severity. Serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were obtained prior and postetomidate injection. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program version 17.0 for Windows. Tests used are Shaipro-Wilk test, ANOVA, Tukey's multiple comparison test, Tamhane's T2, and the Chi-square test. For all statistical tests,
resultsThe incidence of myoclonus in Group 1 and 2 was 52.5% and 17.5%, respectively, whereas it was 92.45% in Group 3. There was no pain observed in 70%, 92.5%, and 50% of patients in Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in mean CPK level after induction among three groups (
conclusionNalbuphine is more effective than fentanyl in the prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus and pain with the minimum rise in CPK levels.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.