Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31031101›Full record

ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2019

Quantifying blood-brain barrier leakage in small vessel disease: Review and consensus recommendations.

Michael J Thrippleton, Walter H Backes, Steven Sourbron, Michael Ingrisch, Matthias J P van Osch, Martin Dichgans, Franz Fazekas, Stefan Ropele, Richard Frayne, Robert J van Oostenbrugge and 2 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReviewConsensus Statement
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 161 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
161citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
16.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

161 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 245 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Disentangling MRI-derived blood-brain barrier leakage into vascular permeability and surface area.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Roles of Microglia in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026
    Review
  14. Observational
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.

Michael J ThrippletonCentre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: m.j.thrippleton@ed.ac.uk.
Walter H BackesDepartment of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Steven SourbronLeeds Imaging Biomarkers group, Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Michael IngrischDepartment of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany.
Matthias J P van OschDepartment of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Martin DichgansInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München & Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
Franz FazekasDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Stefan RopeleDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Richard FrayneDepartment of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Robert J van OostenbruggeDepartment of Neurology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Eric E SmithDepartment of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Joanna M WardlawCentre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Maastricht University Medical Centre · NLMedical University of Graz · ATUK Dementia Research Institute · GBUniversity of Calgary · CALeiden University Medical Center · NLLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München · DEMunich Cluster for Systems Neurology · DEUniversity of Leeds · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) comprises pathological processes of the small vessels in the brain that may manifest clinically as stroke, cognitive impairment, dementia, or gait disturbance. It is generally accepted that endothelial dysfunction, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) failure, is pivotal in the pathophysiology. Recent years have seen increasing use of imaging, primarily dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, to assess BBB leakage, but there is considerable variability in the approaches and findings reported in the literature. Although dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is well established, challenges emerge in cSVD because of the subtle nature of BBB impairment. The purpose of this work, authored by members of the HARNESS Initiative, is to provide an in-depth review and position statement on magnetic resonance imaging measurement of subtle BBB leakage in clinical research studies, with aspects requiring further research identified. We further aim to provide information and consensus recommendations for new investigators wishing to study BBB failure in cSVD and dementia.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingBlood-Brain BarrierCerebral Small Vessel DiseasesDementiaHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedStrokeBlood-brain barrierCerebral small vessel diseaseDCE-MRIDementiaEndothelial dysfunctionMRIPermeability

Identifiers

PMID31031101
PMCPMC6565805
OpenAlexW2942128643

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.