Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31030670›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2019

Ethical challenges in global health-related stigma research.

Joseph Millum, Megan Campbell, Florencia Luna, Arianne Malekzadeh, Quarraisha Abdool Karim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. COSMIN systematic review of stigma measurement in smoking, COPD, and lung cancer: content analysis, language audit, and psychometrics.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
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  9. Review
  10. Article
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  12. Advancing Population Health Through Open Environmental Data Platforms.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024
    Review
  13. Accreditation of research ethics committees in Paraguay: An ethical imperative.Revista de bioetica y derecho & perspectivas bioeticas · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Transforming psychology education to include global mental health.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2023
    Review
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  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Joseph MillumClinical Center Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, 10/1C118, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. joseph.millum@nih.gov.
Megan CampbellDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
Florencia LunaCONICET, Programa de Bioética, FLACSO Argentina, Tucumán 1966, C1050AAN, Caba, Argentina.
Arianne MalekzadehFogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Quarraisha Abdool KarimCentre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, 4013, South Africa.

Funding

Training Program in Research Ethics in the AmericasR25TW001605 · FIC · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI LUNA, FLORENCIA · 2000 to 2025
$6.7M
FIC NIH HHS R25 TW001605
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIt is critically important to conduct research on stigmatized conditions, to include marginalized groups that experience stigma, and to develop interventions to reduce stigma. However, such research is ethically challenging. Though superficial reference is frequently made to these widely acknowledged challenges, few publications have focused on ethical issues in research on stigmatized groups or conditions. In fact, a brief literature review found only two such publications. MAIN TEXT: At a recent Science of Stigma Reduction workshop comprising 60 stigma researchers from the USA and low and middle-income countries, the need for more robust and critical discussion of the ethics of the research was highlighted. In this paper we describe, illustrate through cases, and critically examine key ethical challenges that are more likely to arise because a research study focuses on health-related stigma or involves stigmatized groups or conditions. We examine the ethics of this research from two perspectives. First, through the lens of overprotection, where we discuss how the perception of stigma can impede ethical research, disrespect research participants, and narrow the research questions. Second, through the lens of research risks, where we consider how research with stigmatized populations can unintentionally result in harms. Research-related harms to participants include potential breaches of confidentiality and the exacerbation of stigma. Potential harms also extend to third parties, including families and populations who may be affected by the dissemination of research results.

conclusionsResearch with stigmatized populations and on stigmatized conditions should not be impeded by unnecessary or inappropriate protective measures. Nevertheless, it may entail different and greater risks than other health research. Investigators and research ethics committees must be particularly attentive to these risks and how to manage them.

Indexed as

Social StigmaEthics Committees, ResearchGlobal HealthHumansResearch DesignConfidentialityDe-normalizationEthicsGlobal healthPrivacyResearch ethicsResearch risksStigmaVulnerability

Identifiers

PMID31030670
PMCPMC6487527

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.