ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Carnitine Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Risk and Myocardial Infarction in HIV -Infected Adults.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Dietary precursors and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Association of gut microbiota composition and their metabolites with subclinical atheromatosis: A systematic review.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2022Review
- Ten-year changes in plasma L-carnitine levels and risk of coronary heart disease.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide in Atherosclerosis: From Mechanism to Therapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Intestinal Microbiota-A Promising Target for Antiviral Therapy?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Mitochondrial medicine therapies: rationale, evidence, and dosing guidelines.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2020Review
- Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation research · 2020Review
- Pathogenesis of Aging and Age-related Comorbidities in People with HIV: Highlights from the HIV ACTION Workshop.Pathogens & immunity · 2020Article
- Carnitine Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Risk and Myocardial Infarction in HIV -Infected Adults.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background People living with HIV ( PLWH ) have an increased risk of myocardial infarction ( MI ). Changes in the gut microbiota that occur with chronic HIV infection could play a role in HIV -associated atherosclerosis. Choline, carnitine, betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide are small molecules that are, in part, metabolized or produced by the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that these metabolites would be associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness and MI in PLWH . Methods and Results Carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured at baseline and at a median interval of 4 years in 162 PLWH from the SCOPE (Study of the Consequences of the Protease Inhibitor Era) cohort in San Francisco, CA . Separately, 105 PLWH (36 cases with type I adjudicated MI and 69 controls without MI ) were selected from the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems, a multicenter clinic-based cohort. Controls were matched by demographics, CD 4 cell count, and duration of viral suppression. In the SCOPE cohort, higher carnitine levels had a significant association with presence of carotid plaque and greater baseline and progression of mean carotid artery intima-media thickness after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the treated and suppressed subgroup, these associations with carnitine remained significant after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort, the risk of MI was significantly increased in subjects with carnitine levels in the highest quartile after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions In PLWH , including the treated and suppressed subgroup, carnitine is independently associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness, carotid plaque, and MI in 2 separate cohorts. These results emphasize the potential role of gut microbiota in HIV -associated atherosclerosis and MI , especially in relation to carnitine metabolism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.