SynthesisJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2019
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and myocarditis: a systematic review of reported cases.
Synthesis in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endomyocardial Biopsies in the Diagnostic Workup of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Myocarditis.Current heart failure reports · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics and therapies of multi-organ immune related adverse events.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: Risk, Diagnosis, and Clinical Impact.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Mapping the patient pathway for ICI cardiac toxicities: a single-centre case series with clinical practice insights.The British journal of cardiology · 2026Article
- Case Report and literature review: immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myasthenia gravis and myocarditis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Dual immune checkpoint inhibitor cardonilumab induces immune myocarditis in a patient with cancer-related myocardial metastasis: A case report.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Prognostic risk factors and a survival prediction model for immune checkpoint inhibitor related myocarditis in patients with lung cancer: a multicenter study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Arrhythmias, conduction disorders and sudden cardiac death in cancer patients and survivors: expert opinion of the working groups on cardio-oncology and on electrophysiology of the hellenic cardiac society.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Effectiveness of Additional Immunosuppressive Drugs for Corticosteroid-refractory Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Myocarditis: Two Case Reports.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Immune-Related Adverse Events in a Patient Treated with Pembrolizumab: A Case Report from the Point of View of a Geriatrician.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Managing Select Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Myositis.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular disease burden in patients with urological cancers: The new discipline of uro-cardio-oncology.Cancer innovation · 2024Review
- Pembrolizumab-induced myocarditis with complete atrioventricular block and concomitant myositis in a metastatic bladder cancer patient: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Review
- Clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management of nivolumab-induced myocarditis.Investigational new drugs · 2024Article
- Uncovering the flip side of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive review of immune-related adverse events and predictive biomarkers.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Role of Biomarkers in the Management of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis.Current cardiology reports · 2023Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of certain types of cancers has revolutionized cancer therapy. In general, these novel agents are more tolerable and have better safety profiles than conventional chemotherapy agents. Although a low incidence of myocarditis was noted as a side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials, it is being increasingly cited in the literature as their use also increases.
methodsUsing a combination of search terms in the PubMed/Medline database and manual searches on Google Scholar and the bibliographies of articles identified, we reviewed all cases reported in the English language citing myocarditis associated with either pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, or any combination of these agents.
resultsA total of 42 cases were included in the study. Mean age was 65.5 years; 64% were male, 36% were female. One or two doses preceded the onset of myocarditis in 33% and 29% of cases, respectively. Steroids were used as the first-line therapy in 90% of cases. Complete heart block occurred in 36% of cases. Fourteen (33%) deaths were reported, with 64% and 29% of deaths occurring after one or two doses, respectively.
conclusionMost cases and fatalities of myocarditis occurred shortly after initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Arrhythmias, particularly complete heart block, appear to be related to the occurrence of more severe and fatal cases. The use of serial electrocardiograms or biomarkers of myocardial injury may be crucial in detecting early stages of the disease process. Further research establishing more specific guidelines is necessary in dealing with this potentially fatal side effect.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.